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Exploring the Chemistry of Life: Elements, Atoms, and Compounds

Dive into the fundamental aspects of chemistry in living systems, from the basic elements present to the composition of atoms and compounds. Explore how matter is organized in the Periodic Table and understand the essential role of organic compounds in all life forms.

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Exploring the Chemistry of Life: Elements, Atoms, and Compounds

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  1. Chemistry of Life Basic Chemistry

  2. Essential Question • What are the basic elements of all living systems?

  3. Matter I.Matter - Anything that has mass and takes up space A. There are 3 basic forms of matter 1) solid2) liquid3)gas B. All matter is composed of elements

  4. Elements • II. Element- a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances ex. oxygen, copper, nitrogen, carbon, gold A) Each element has specific properties (traits) that are different from the other elements.

  5. Elements • B) Elements are listed in the Periodic Table • - the periodic table organizes the elements by similar characteristics  Periods are the horizontal rows that are numbered 1 – 7, starting from the top row. Their properties change gradually and predictably Groupsare vertical columns that contain elements with similar chemical or physical properties

  6. The Periodic Table

  7. Elements • - each element on the periodic table is represented by a chemical symbol. Chemical Symbols are a shorthand way of representing elements. Examples: Symbol Name C carbonCo cobalt N nitrogen Au gold

  8. Elements C) All elements are made of atoms.

  9. Atoms III. ATOMS - the smallest particle of an element A) Atoms have a nucleus(center) -the nucleus is made of protons and neutrons *protons are positively charged particles * neutronsare particles withnocharge

  10. Atoms *protons and neutrons have mass. The mass of the protons and neutrons (or the mass of the nucleus) is called the atomic mass. *the number of protonsin an atomic model is called the atomic number (SEE PERIODIC TABLE)

  11. Atoms B) Atoms have electrons  * electronsare tiny negatively charged particles that orbit (circle) the nucleus * electrons circle the nucleus in a particular way. They travel on pathways called orbitals.

  12. Molecules and Compounds * A compound is a substance made of differentelements chemically combined * chemical formulasrepresent compounds 1) they show the different kinds of atoms in the compound 2) they show the number of the different atom types (shown by subscript)

  13. Molecules and Compounds Ex. NaCl2 a) kinds: Na (sodium) Cl (chlorine) b) numbers: Na = 1, Cl = 2

  14. Molecules and Compounds B. Bonding 1. Atoms combine with other atoms to form molecules and compounds.

  15. Organic Compounds • All living things are composed of organic compounds. • Generally, organic compounds are distinguished from inorganic compounds by the presence of both carbon and hydrogen. We are referred to as carbon-based life forms, as is all life on earth. This means that carbon is a component of most of the chemical molecules that make up living organisms on this planet.

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