DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS A PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL WHO USE SCHOOLS

1. DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLSA PRIMER OF KNOWLEDGE FOR THE BENEFIT OF ALL WHO USE SCHOOLS Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, University of North Carolina, USA

2. DISASTER RESILIENT SCHOOLS MAKING ONE OF THE COMMUNITY’S ESSENTIAL FACILITIES AND “SAFE HAVENS” SAFER

3. SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other) • FAR TOO OFTEN, SCHOOLS, THE DESIGNATED (OR PERCEIVED) COMMUNITY “SAFE HAVEN,” AREUNSAFE: • WHEN SCHOOLS ARE IN SESSION DURING THE DAY AND AN EARTHQUAKE OCCURS, - - -

4. SCHOOLS (Elementary, Secondary, High School, University, Other) • OR, AFTER EVACUATIONS TO A SCHOOL TO GET PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY FROM FLOODS, SEVERE WIND STORMS, AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS.

5. REASONS FOR SCHOOL VULNERABILITY • MAY NOT BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND STRONG GROUND SHAKING • MAY BE LOCATED IN A FLOOD PLAIN • MAY BE LOCATED IN THE STORM SURGE INUNDATION ZONE • MAY NOT BE DESIGNED TO WITHSTAND HIGH WINDFIELDS OF HURRICANES, TYPHOONS, CYCLONES, AND TORNADOES • MAY NOT BE DESIGNED FOR WET ASH LOAD AFTER A VOLCANIC ERUPTION

6. EARTHQUAKES CAUSE BUILDING COLLAPSE, INUNDATION FROM TSUNAMIS, WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION, INJURIES, AND DEATHS

7. SCHOOLS ARE VULNERABILE TO EARTHQUAKES • TYPICALLY, NO SPECIAL SITING, DESIGN, OR CONSTRUCTION MEASURES EXIST FOR SCHOOLS • EARTHQUAKES OCCUR WITHOUT WARNING, ANYTIME; HENCE, NO EVACUATION • LOSS OF FUNCTION MAY BE VERY DISRUPTIVE TO ENTIRE COMMUNITY

8. SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE UNIV., HAITI, JAN 12, 2010

9. SCHOOLS: PORT AU PRINCE, HAITI; JAN 12, 2010

10. SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

11. SCHOOLS: BEICHUAN, CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

12. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: CHINA, MAY 12, 2008

13. SCHOOLS: TEMPORARY AFTER MAY 12, 2008 EARTHQUAKE

14. SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE AND TSUNAMI: SOLOMON ISLANDS: APRIL 2007

15. SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: MOLISE EARTHQUAKE: OCTOBER 31, 2002

16. SCHOOL IN SAN GIULIANO DI PUGLIA: 53 CHILDREN BORN IN 1996 KILLED

17. SCHOOL: STANFORD UNIVERSITY, CA; OCT 10, 1989

18. SCHOOL: MEXICO; SEPT. 19, 1985

19. SCHOOL: EL ASNAM, ALGERIA;OCTOBER 10, 1980

20. LOSS OF FUNCTION OF SCHOOL: COALINGA, CA;MAY 2, 1983

21. SCHOOLS: TANGSHAN, CHINA; 1976

22. SCHOOL: LICE, TURKEY; SEPTEMBER 6, 1975

23. SCHOOL: ALASKA, MARCH 27, 1964

24. SCHOOL: LONG BEACH, CA, MARCH 10,1933 (led to the Field Act)

25. NAT. HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. • EMERGENCY PLANS • RECONSTRUCTION • EDUCATIONAL SURGE SCHOOLS RISK MANAGEMENT ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

26. SCHOOLS: EARTHQUAKE DRILLSANYWHERE AND ANYTIME

27. FLOODS CAUSE WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

28. THE GREAT FLOOD OF 2008: IOWA

29. FLOODS IN NORTH KOREA: AUGUST 7-14, 2007

30. FLOODING IN GLOUCESTERSHIRE, ENGLAND: JULY 2007

31. TROPICAL STORM KALMAEGI: TAIWAN, JULY 18. 2008

32. FLOODING IN THE SUDAN: JULY 2007

33. FLOODING IN IRAN: JUNE 2007

34. NAT. HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. • EMERGENCY PLANS • RECONSTRUCTION • EDUCATIONAL SURGE SCHOOLS RISK MANAGEMENT ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

35. SEVERE WINDSTORMS (Hurricanes, Typhoons, Cyclones, and Tornadoes) CAUSE WIND AND WATER DAMAGE AND WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

36. MAY 20, 2013: S & R FOR TRAPPED CHILDREN AFTER EF-4 TORNADO

37. TYPHOON MORAKOT: CHIATUNG, TIAWAN,AUGUST 9, 2009

38. CYCLONE NARGIS: POWER OUTAGE IN YANGON; MAY 18, 2008:

39. CYCLONE NARGIS: TAKING SHELTER IN A BUDDHIST TEMPLE

40. HURRICANE OMAR: ST THOMAS, VI, OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

41. HURRICANE OMAR: SOUFRIER; OCTOBER 15-17, 2008

42. SCHOOLS: ALL HURRICANES AND TYPHOONS • EVACUATION IS UNSUCCESSFUL IF“SAFE HAVENS” FOR EVACUEES ARE UNSAFE.

43. SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005 • Many schools were damaged and some did not reopen for several months to more than a year.

44. SCHOOLS: HURRICANE KATRINA; AUGUST 28-29, 2005 • A FEW HOURS OF WIND AND STORM SURGE FOLLOWED BY A MONTH OF RECOVERY FROM THE FLOODING PARALYZEDTULANE UNIVERSITY INDEFINETLY.

45. NAT. HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. • EMERGENCY PLANS • RECONSTRUCTION • EDUCATIONAL SURGE SCHOOLS RISK MANAGEMENT ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS

46. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS CAUSE WIDESPREAD LOSS OF FUNCTION

47. SCHOOLS: INDONESIA, JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION SENDS 15,000 FLEEING

48. SCHOOLS: INDONESIA; JUNE 8, 2006 ERUPTION • School children wearing masks to counter the adverse health effects of volcanic ash.

49. NAT. HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION • SITING, DESIGN, AND CONSTRUCTION STDS. • EMERGENCY PLANS • RECONSTRUCTION • EDUCATIONAL SURGE SCHOOLS RISK MANAGEMENT ACCEPTABLE RISK RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK VULNERABILITY REDUCTON YOUR COMMUNITY DATA BASES AND INFORMATION HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS