Resilience, Coping, and Relationship Building

1. Resilience, Coping, and Relationship Building Amra, Monique and Patience

2. Class activity Divide into groups of 3 (self select). Discuss an adverse or negative situation you experienced. What were your initial feelings and how long did they last? What did you do in response to that situation? When did you realize you were ready to take on your regular routine again or create a new routine for yourself?

3. What is Resilience? http://www.youtube.com/watch?NR=1&v=GvIczMyWfns&feature=fvwp

4. One more definition… “In the context of exposure to significant adversity, resilience is both the capacity of individuals to navigate their way to the psychological, social, cultural and physical resources that sustain their well-being, and their capacity individually and collectively to negotiate for these resources to be provided and experienced in culturally meaningful ways.” (Ungar, 2008, p.225)

5. What about coping? What do resiliency and coping have in common? How are they different?

6. What is coping? Coping is a set of efforts that “seek to manage, master, tolerate, reduce or minimize the demands of stressful environment,” (Taylor & Stanton, 2007, p. 378).

7. Similarities between resilience and coping Both are easier to positively maintain when protective factors are in place such as optimism, a sense of mastery or personal control of one’s life, self esteem and positive social supports.

8. Differences between resiliency and coping Coping responses can consist of direct action or avoidance and can be adaptive or maladaptive (Taylor & Stanton, 2007). Whereas those who are resilient adapt to their adverse situation rather than simply manage or tolerate it (Corcoran & Nichols-Casebolt, 2004)

9. Why is resiliency important? The amount of resiliency one has can determine how well a person responds to a stressful or adverse situation whether that be discrimination, trauma, loss, or other negative circumstances. Having a lower level of resilience may result in any number of mental health concerns such as depression, PTSD, etc.

10. Risk & Protective Factors in Resiliency Risk and protective factors for resiliency often converse with each other. Three types of protective factors: individual, family, and environmental/situational (micro, meso, and macro). Within these 3 types protective and risk factors range from health, intelligence and self-esteem, to family cohesion and socioeconomic resources, to community social support and discrimination (either the presence or lack of).

11. Limitations in current research “…resilience research tends to neglect the heart of the matter: the value people and communities place on various factors, especially when they do not fit within society’s dominant paradigms. Resilience research has not adequately acknowledged different communities’ meaning systems or described the reciprocal processes taking place at the intersection of personal and community meaning-making,” (Ungar in Wexler, DiFluvio & Burke, 2009).

12. Case Study: Resiliency in Bosnia

13. Bosnia and Herzegovina

14. Women’s groups

15. Hand embroidered cloth

16. Bosnian participant

17. Embroidery work

18. Creating resiliency together

19. Program graduates knit

20. Products in display

21. Making a beautiful rug

22. Threading of yarn

23. Woman opened her own store

24. Cultural Competency and Relationship Building “Relationship between individuals may hold more weight than credentials” (Aronso, 2004, p. 185)

26. What is Culture?

27. Ethnicity is a quality of group identity that comes from shared history, ancestry, and language usually tied to a place and time Race is a sense of group identity that comes from similar physical characteristics (Samantrai, 2004, pp. 31-32)

28. CULTURE??? (Perry & Tate-Manning, 2006, p. 737) “Culture can be broadly understood as a social group that among other similarities can share values, beliefs, customs and worldviews”. (James, 2003, p. 202) “…changes within a culture are due to global influences, the movement of people from one country to/and or another and the interaction of various racial, ethnic and social groups”.

29. CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED (NASW, 2001, p. 11) “A process of improving individuals’ and systems ability to respond to “people of all cultures, languages, classes, races, ethnic backgrounds, religions, and other diversity factors in a manner that recognizes, affirms, and values the worth of individuals, families, and communities and protects and preserves the dignity of each”.

30. CULTURAL COMPETENCE ??? (Green, 1982, p.87) “The ability to conduct professional work in a way that is consistent with the expectations which members of distinctive culture regard as appropriate among themselves”. (Samantrai, 2004, p. 32) “Refers to ways of thinking and behaving that enable members of one cultural, ethnic, or linguistic group to work effectively with members of another”.

31. CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED (Cross, Bazron, Dennis, & Isaac, 1989, p. 13) “Cultural competence embraces the importance of culture, the assessment of cross-cultural relations, vigilance towards the dynamics that results from cultural differences, the expansion of cultural knowledge and the adaptation of services to meet culturally unique needs”

32. CULTURAL COMPETENCE DEFINED (Kohli, Huber, & Faul, 2010, p. 257) “Cultural competence…involves awareness of one’s own biases or prejudices and is rooted in respect, validation, and openness towards differences among people. Cultural competence begins with an awareness of one’s own cultural beliefs and practices, and the recognition that others believe in different truths/realities than one’s own. It also implies that there is more than one way of doing the same thing in a right manner”.

33. CULTURAL COMPETENCY IS A JOURNEY NOT A GOAL

34. Conceptualization of Cultural Competency to Practice WORKER’S LEVEL Samantrai, 2004, pp. 32-33

35. IMPORTANCE OF CULTURAL COMPETENCE

36. Latino Youth • Loyalty and attachment to family • Collectivism • Respect for authority • Warmth in interpersonal relationship (stutman, Baruch, Grotberg, & Rathore, 2002)

37. Aboriginals • Resilience envision a return to the traditional culture of the past as a fundamental path to healing • Characteristic specific to their culture is: • Spirituality, • Holism • Resistance • Forgiveness (Tousignant, & Sioui, 2009)

38. AFRICANS (Hiroko & Matute, 2012) The Explorative Work ETHIOPIANS: Elders, pastors, (Dr. Lulu) SUDANESE: Elders, older relatives, close family SOMALIANS: Police but family

39. The Story of Little Turtle. (Agnell, 2000) • Search for Harmony.

40. Final thoughts… • Understanding the difference between resiliency and coping, some methods in which people show and maintain resiliency and non-Western cultural methods of building relationships can help us assess further strengths within our clients.

41. Reference List Agnell, G. Brent. (2000). Cultural Resilience in North American Indian First Nations: The Story of Little Turtle. Critical Social work, vol. 1, no 1. Andersson, N., & Ledogar, J. R. (2008). The CIET Aboriginal , Youth Resilience Studies: 14 Years of Capacity Building and Methods Development in Canada. Pimatisiwin: A Journal of Aboriginal and Indigenous Community Health 6(2) Bourassa, J. (2009). Psychosocial interventions and mass populations: A social work perspectives. International Social Work, 52(6), 743-755 Carbonell, D.M., Reinherz, H.Z., Giaconia, R.M., Stashwick, C.K., Paradis, A.D. & Beardslee, W.R. (2002). Adolescent protective factors promoting resilience in young adults at risk for depression. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 19 (5), 393-412. Corcoran, J. & Nichols-Casebolt, A. (2004). Risk and resilience ecological framework for assessment and goal formulation. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 21 (3), 211-235.

42. Reference List • Cross, T., B. Bazron, K. Dennis & M. Isaacs (1989). Towards a Culturally Competent System of Care. Washington, DC: CASSP Technical Centre. • Green, J. (1982). Cultural Awareness in the Human Services. Englewood Cliffs, NJ:Prentice-Hall. • Keefe, S.E. (2009). Participatory development in Appalachia: Cultural identity, community, and sustainability. Knoxville: The University of Tennessee Press • James, J. (2003). Seeing Ourselves: Exploring Race, Ethnicity and Culture (3rd ed.).Toronto: Thompson Educational Publishing. • Kohli, H. K., Huber, R., & Faul, A. C. (2010). Historical and theoretical development of culturally competent social work practice. Journal of Teaching in social work, 30, 252-271. doi: 10.1080/08841233.2010.499091

43. Reference List • Perry, C., & L. Tate-Manning (2006). “Unravelling Cultural Constructions in Social Work Education: Journeying toward Cultural Competence.” Social Work Education 28, no. 7, 735-745. • Samantrai, K. (2004). Culturally Competent Public Child Welfare Practice. Australia: Thomson-Brooks/Cole. • Stutman, S., Baruch, R., Groterg, . & Rathore, Z. (2002). Resilience in Latino Youth. Working Paper, Institute for Mental Health Initiatives. Washington DC: The George Washington University. The CIET Aboriginal • Taylor, S.E. & Stanton, A.L. (2007). Coping resources, coping processes and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 377-401. • Tousignant, M., & Sioui, Nibisha. (2009). Resilience and Aboriginal Communities in Crisis: Theory and Interventions. Canada: Journal of Aboriginal Health

44. Questions/Comments?