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Unit 3 Biochemistry

Unit 3 Biochemistry. Section 1: Matter and Substances Page 51. 1. What is every living and non-living thing made up of? Matter What is Matter ? Anything that takes up space and has mass Are you made up of matter? Is light? . 2. What is an atom? Can it be broken down by chemical means?

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Unit 3 Biochemistry

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  1. Unit 3 Biochemistry Section 1: Matter and Substances Page 51

  2. 1. What is every living and non-living thing made up of? • Matter • What is Matter? • Anything that takes up space and has mass Are you made up of matter? Is light?

  3. 2. What is an atom? Can it be broken down by chemical means? • An atom is the smallest unit of matter and it cannot be broken down by chemical means • All matter is made up of atoms!

  4. What are the three types of particles that make up an atom, and what are their charges, and where are they found? • Protons (+) in nucleus • Neutrons (no charge) in nucleus • Electrons (-) surrounding the nucleus in the electron cloud

  5. Figure 2.2

  6. 4. Do atoms have an overall charge? Why or why not? • No, because the number of electrons are the same as the number of protons 5. What is an element? • An elementis a substance made up of atoms that have the same number of protons

  7. The electron cloud of an atom may have levels. 7a. How many electrons can the innermost level hold? • 2 7b.What is the maximum number of electrons the second innermost level can hold? • 8 7c. What are the electrons on the outermost level called? • Valence electrons

  8. An atom with a full outer electron level is a stable (happy) atom! (hydrogen = 2, others = 8) 8. Why do chemical bonds form between groups of atoms? • Most atoms become stable when they have 8 electrons in the valence shell

  9. 9. A bond where atoms share valence electrons is called: • Covalent bond 10. What is created due to the answer for number 9? • Amolecule(a group of atoms held together by covalent bonds)

  10. 11. Explain how a water molecule is formed: • One oxygen atom combines with two hydrogen atoms to give oxygen 8 valence electrons in its outermost energy level

  11. 12. Another way that atoms can be “happy” (achieve a stable/full valence level) is by what type of bonding? • Ionic bonding 12a. What does this result in? • An ion 12b. What is an ion? • An atom or group of atoms that has an electric charge because it has gained or lost electrons

  12. 13. What makes a molecule polar? • When one atom is more attracted to one atom than to the other it creates molecules with partial charges on opposite ends 14. Why does sugar and salt dissolve in water and oil does not? • Sugar and salt are polar and polar dissolves polar; Oil is nonpolar

  13. 15. Describe a hydrogen bond: • A hydrogen’s ability to have a partial charge when bonded to an oxygen, nitrogen, or fluorine atom; The bond is strong but not as strong as a covalent bond

  14. 16. What simple substance does all life depend on? • Water 17. What do most of the unique properties of water rely on? • Water’s ability to form hydrogen bonds with each other 18. What is meant by water being less dense as a solid than as a liquid? • Solid water (ice) floats allowing life to exist under frozen bodies of water

  15. 19. What is the benefit of water being less dense as a solid than as a liquid? • Solid water (ice) floats allowing life to exist under frozen bodies of water

  16. 20. How much heat is necessary to change the temperature of water (don’t give a specific number, but a term)? • Specific heat (NOT in book) 21. How does the fact that water takes a long time to cool down and heat up help the Earth? • Keep from large bodies of water from fluctuating temperatures and helps organisms maintain a constant internal temperature

  17. 22. Define cohesion: • The attraction of particles of the same substance

  18. 23. Define adhesion and say how it benefits plants. • Attraction between particles of different substances; helps in the upward movement of water through a plant

  19. Make a Venn Diagram for Cohesion and Adhesion Cohesion Adhesion

  20. 24. Differentiate among solution, solute and solvent. • A solution is a mixture in which ions or molecules of one or more substances are evenly distributed in another substance • Solute is the substance being dissolved • Solvent is the substance in which the solute is being added and dissolved into

  21. 25. If a solution has extra hydronium ions, it is said to be? Extra hydroxide ions? • Acidsare compounds that form extra hydronium ions when dissolved in water • Basesare compounds that form extra hydroxide ions when dissolved in water

  22. 26. What is pH a measure for? • How acidic or basic a solution is

  23. 27. The pH of the solutions in living things must be stable 28. What does a buffer do? • Abufferis a substance that reacts to prevent pH changes in a solution

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