Question

1. Question What American composer studied with Nadia Boulanger at the American Conservatory in France from 1921-1924? Who was once described as �the dean of modern American composers?� Who managed to capture the essence of America in his music? Virgil Thomson called him �the President of . . . American music.� This composer wrote this. . .

2. Americans in Paris American Musical Life Greater musical inventiveness of France and Russia Les Six Darius Milhaud, Francis Poulenc, Arthur Honegger, Georges Auric, Louis Durey and Germaine Tailleferre Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Hindemith, Bartok, Prokofiev, Koussevitzky A music school for Americans was established in the palace at Fontainebleau

3. NADIA BOULANGER Boulanger studied at the Paris Conservatory. She first gained a reputation as a teacher at the Ecole Normale. From 1920 on, she was on the faculty of the American Conservatory at Fontainbleu. Before World War II, she had already become the teacher of choice for aspiring composers. During World War II, she taught in the United States. in 1945 Boulanger became professor at the Paris Conservatory. Name Date of Birth Date of Death Other information Alexander, Josef b. May 15, 1907 Boston MA d. Dec 23, 1990 Seattle WA Allanbrook, Douglas b. Apr 1, 1920 Amlin, Martin Anderson, Ruth b. Mar 21, 1928 Kalispell MT Bassett, Leslie (Raymond) b. Jan 22, 1923 Hanford CA Bauer, Marion Eugenie b. Aug 15, 1882 Walla Walla WA d. Aug 9, 1955 South Hadley MA Bearer, Elaine Bennett, Robert Russell b. Jun 15, 1894 Kansas City MO d. Aug 18, 1981 New York NY Berger, Arthur (Victor) b. May 15, 1912 New York NY Berlinski, Herman b. Aug 18, 1910 Leipzig *no longer listed in New Grove Blackwood, Easley b. Apr 21, 1933 Indianapolis IN Blitzstein, Marc [Marcus] (Samuel) b. Mar 2, 1905 Philadelphia PA d. Jan 22, 1964 Fort-de-France, Martinique Bowles, Paul b. Dec 30, 1910 Jamaica NY d. Nov 18, 1999 Tangier, Morocco Briggs Sadovnikoff, Mary Brunswick, Mark b. Jan 6, 1902 New York NY d. May 26, 1971 London Carter, Elliott (Cook) b. Dec 11, 1908 New York NY Chanler, Theodore (Ward) b. Apr 29, 1902 Newport RI d. Jul 27, 1961 Boston MA Chihara, Paul Seiko b. Jul 9, 1938 Seattle WA Chowning, John MacLeod b. 1934 Salem NJ Citkowitz, Israel b. Feb 6, 1909 Skierniewice, Poland d. May 4, 1974 London Clarke, Henry Leland [Fairbanks, J.] b. Mar 9, 1907 Dover NH d. Mar 30, 1992 Cole, (Frances) Ulric b. Sep 9, 1905 New York NY d. May 21, 1992 Bridgeport CT Conte, David b. 1955 Denver CO

4. American Students Cooper, Paul b. May 19, 1926 Victoria IL d. Apr 4, 1996 Houston TX Copland, Aaron b. Nov 14, 1900 Brooklyn NY d. Dec 2, 1990 North Tarrytown NY Crawford, Robert MacArthur b. Jul 27 1899 Dawson YT d. Mar 12 1961 New York NY Creshevsky, Noah Ephraim b. Jan 31, 1945 Rochester NY Cunningham Sumner, Sarah Cushing, Charles (Cook) b. Dec 8, 1905 Oakland CA d. Apr 14, 1982 Berkeley CA Dahl, Ingolf b. Jun 9, 1912 Hamburg d. Aug 6, 1970 Frutigen, nr Berne Delaney, Robert (Mills) b. Jul 24, 1903 Baltimore MD d. Sep 21, 1956 Santa Barbara CA Des Marais, Paul (Emile) b. Jun 23, 1920 Menominee MI Dett, R(obert) Nathaniel b. Oct 11, 1882 Drummondsville ON d. Oct 2, 1943 Battle Creek MI Diamond, David (Leo) b. Jul 9, 1915 Rochester NY di Bonaventura, Mario b. 1928 Drauglelis, Algis Duke, John (Woods) b. Jul 30, 1899 Cumberland MD d. Oct 26, 1984 Northampton MA Effinger, Cecil b. Jul 22, 1914 Colorado Springs CO d. Dec 22, 1990 Boulder CO Elwell, Herbert b. May 10, 1898 Minneapolis MN d. Apr 17, 1974 Cleveland OH Erb, Donald James b. Jan 17, 1927 Youngstown OH Ericourt, Daniel b. Dec 12, 1903 Jossigny, Seine-et-Marne d. Jun 21, 1998 Greensboro NC Ermili, Roger Fine, Irving (Gifford) b. Dec 3, 1914 Boston MA d. Aug 23, 1962 Boston MA Finney, Ross Lee b. Dec 23, 1906 Wells MN d. Feb 4, 1997 Carmel CA Fischer, Irwin b. Jul 5, 1903 Iowa City IA d. May 7, 1977 Wilmette IL Fisk, Charles Brenton b. Feb 7, 1925 Washington DC d. Dec 16, 1983 Boston MA Frackenpohl, Arthur b. Apr 23, 1924 Irvington NJ *no longer listed in New Grove Friedhofer, Hugo William b. May 3(?), 1902 San Francisco CA d. May 17, 1981 Los Angeles CA Gage, Robert Galkin, Elliott W(ashington) b. Feb 22, 1921 Brooklyn NY d. May 24, 1990 Baltimore CA American music critic and conductor George, Lila-Gene Gittleman, Neal Glanville-Hicks, Peggy [Australian (American citizenship)] b. Dec 29, 1912 Melbourne d. Jun 25, 1990 Sydney Glass, Philip b. Jan 31, 1937 Baltimore MD Goeb, Roger (John) b. Oct 9, 1914 Cherokee IA d. Jan 3, 1997 New York NY Goldman, Richard Franko b. Dec 7, 1910 New York NY d. Jan 19, 1980 Baltimore MD Gottlieb, Jay b. 1954 Grantham, Donald b. Nov 9, 1947 Duncan OK Grouya, Theodor, J. (Ted) b. 1914 Bucharest, Romania Haieff, Alexei (Vasilievich) b. Aug 25, 1914 Blagoveshchensk d. Mar 1, 1994 Rome American composer of Russian birth Hailstork, Adolphus Cunningham b. Apr 17, 1941 Rochester NY Hammond, Richard b. Aug 26, 1896 Kent, England *no longer listed in New Grove Harris, Roy [LeRoy] (Ellsworth) b. Feb 12, 1898 nr Chandler OK d. Oct 1, 1979 Santa Monica CA Howe, Mary b. Apr 4, 1882 Richmond VA d. Sep 14, 1964 Washington DC Husa, Karel b. Aug 7, 1921 Prague Imbrie, Andrew (Welsh) b. Apr 6, 1921 New York NY Jones, Quincy (Delight) b. Mar 14, 1933 Chicago IL

5. American Students Kanach, Sharon b. 1957 Kerr, Harrison b. Oct 13, 1897 Cleveland OH d. Aug 15, 1978 Norman, OK Kimball, Ruth Kozinski, Stefan Kraft, Leo Abraham b. Jul 24, 1922 Brooklyn NY Krzywicki, Jan Kubik, Gail (Thompson) b. Sep 5, 1914 South Coffeyville OK d. July 20, 1984 West Covina CA Kuney, Scott Labunski, Felix [Labunski, Feliks Roderyk] b. Dec 23, 1892 Ksawerynow d. Apr 28, 1979 Cincinnati OH La Montaine, John b. Oct 13, 1897 Cleveland OH d. Mar 17, 1920 Chicago IL Lee, Noel b. Dec 25, 1924 Nanjing Lehrman, Leonard J. b. Aug 20, 1949 Kansas Lessard, John (Ayres) b. Jul 3, 1920 San Francisco CA Lewis, Robert Hall b. Apr 22, 1926 Portland OR d. Mar 22, 1996 Baltimore MD Lockwood, Normand b. Mar 19, 1906 New York NY Lybbert, Donald b. Feb 19, 1923 Cresco IA d. Jul 26, 1981 New York NY Maganini, Quinto b. Nov 30, 1897 Fairfield, CA d. Mar 10, 1974 Greenwich, CT Manziarly, Marcelle de Oct 1/13, 1899 Kharkov [now Kharkiv] d. May 21, 1989 Ojai CA French composer, of mixed Russian and American parentage. Divided time between US and France. Mekeel, Joyce b. Jul 6, 1931 New Haven CT d. Dec 29, 1997 Watertown MA Middleton, Robert b. 1920 Diamond OH Mikhashoff, Yvar Emilian b. Mar 8, 1941 Troy NY d. Oct 11, 1993 Buffalo NY Moevs, Robert (Walter) b. Dec 2, 1920 La Crosse WI Montgomery, Merle b. Mar 8, 1941 Troy NY d. Oct 11, 1993 Buffalo NY *no longer listed in New Grove Moore, Dorothy Rudd b. May 15, 1904 Davidson OK Moore, Douglas S(tuart) b. Aug 10, 1893 Cutchogue NY d. Jul 25, 1969 Greenport NY Moscatelli, Peter Musgrave, Thea b. May 27, 1928 Barnton, Midlothian Pasatieri, Thomas b. Oct 20, 1945 New York NY Peaslee, Richard Cutts b. Jun 13, 1930 New York NY Perry, Julia Amanda b. Mar 25, 1924 Lexington KY d. Apr 24, 1979 Akron OH Pinkham, Daniel (Rogers) b. Jun 5, 1923 Lynn MA Piston, Walter (Hamor) b. Jan 20, 1894 Rockland ME d. Nov 12, 1976 Belmont MA Ptaszynska, Marta b. Jul 29, 1943 Warsaw Polish composer and percussionist, but as of '98, professor at University of Chicago. Robb, John Donald b. Jun 12, 1892 Minneapolis MN *no longer listed in New Grove Robertson, Hugh b. 1940 Rodriguez, Robert Xavier b. Jun 28, 1946 San Antonio TX Rogers, Bernard b. Feb 4, 1893 New York d. May 24, 1968 Rochester NY Rolin, Etienne b. Dec 7, 1952 Berkeley CA Sapp, Allen (Dwight) b. Dec 10, 1922 Philadelphia PA d. Jan 4, 1999 Cincinnati OH Shafer, Robert b. 1946 Shapero, Harold (Samuel) b. Shapiro, Gerald Mark b. May 14, 1942 Philadelphia PA Shen, Hseuh-Yung b. 1952 Siegmeister, Elie [Swift, L.E.] b. Jan 15, 1909 New York NY d. Mar 10, 1991 Manhasset NY Skrowaczewski, Stanislaw b. Oct 3, 1923 Lwow [now L'viv] Smith, Larry Alan b. Oct 4, 1955 Canton OH Smith, Melville b. 1898 d. 1962 Spies, Claudio b. Mar 26, 1925 Santiago American composer of Chilean birth

6. American Students Stringfield, Lamar b. Oct 10, 1897 Raleigh NC d. Jan 21, 1959 Asheville NC Strouse, Charles Louis b. Jun 7, 1928 New York NY Suesse, (Nadine) Dana b. Dec 3, 1909 Kansas City MO d. Oct 16, 1987 New York NY Swanson, Howard b. Aug 18, 1907 Atlanta GA d. Nov 12, 1978 New York NY Talma, Louise b. Oct 31, 1906 Arcachon France d. Aug 13, 1996 Saratoga Springs, NY Tcherepnin, Serge Alexandrovich b. Feb 2, 1941 Issy-les-Moulineaux, nr Paris Thomson, Virgil b. Nov 25, 1896 Kansas City MO d. Sep 30, 1989 New York NY Tingley, George Peter b. Jun 19, 1950 Toth, Robert Trimble, Lester Albert b. Aug 29, 1923 Bangor WI d. Dec 31, 1986 New York NY Viens, Michael b. 1953 Vincent, John b. May 17, 1902 Birmingham AL d. Jan 21, 1977 Santa Monica CA Vosgerschian, Luise b. Nov 9, 1922 d. Mar 13, 2000 Acton MA Wagner, Joseph Frederick b. Jan 9, 1900 Springfield MA d. Oct 12, 1974 Los Angeles CA Walker, George Theophilus b. Jun 27, 1922 Washington DC Walters, Harold L. b. Sep 29, 1918 Gurdon AR d. Oct 27, 1984 Hollywood FL Ward-Steinman, David b. Nov 6, 1936 Alexandria LA Warren, Elinor Remick b. Feb 23, 1900 Los Angeles CA d. Apr 27, 1991 Los Angeles CA Washburn, Robert B. b. Jul 11, 1928 Bouekville NY *no longer listed in New Grove Wilkins, Donald b. 1935 Woollen, (Father) Russell b. 1923 Hartford CT Class of 1923

7. AARON COPLAND1900 - 1990 parents were Jewish immigrants from Poland and Lithuania born in Brooklyn studied harmony, counterpoint and sonata form under Goldmark saw Ives�s Concord Sonata at Goldmark�s studio but was not allowed to become �contaminated� by it went to the new American Conservatory at Fontainebleau in 1920 studied with Boulanger until 1924

8. met Roussel, Prokofiev, Milhaud and Koussevitzky heard the premiere of Ravel�s orchestration of Mussorgsky�s Pictures at an Exhibition spent his summers in Berlin interested in jazz 1924 - began as a private teacher music began to attract the attention of the BSO under K., the MacDowell Colony and the Guggenheim Foundation

9. 1928-1931 - sponsored a series of new music concerts with Roger Sessions helped found the Arrow Music Press, the Yaddo Festivals and taught at the New School for Social Research 1935 & 1944 taught at Harvard (Piston) first American composer to hold the Norton Professor of Poetics at Harvard - lectures published as Music and Imagination 1940 - teacher and advisor at the Berkshire Music Center (established by Koussevitzky) Copland and Koussevitzky

10. 1945 - Pulitzer Prize 1945 - New York Music Critics� Circle Award 1950 - �Oscar� 1956 - Gold Medal from the National Institute of Arts and Letters 1956 - honorary degree from Princeton 1964 - Presidential Medal of Freedom 1970 - Commander�s Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany 1970 - Howland Prize of Yale University

11. Some of his Compositions 1920-1921 - Three Moods: Embittered, Wistful, Jazzy 1925 - The House on the Hill (Women�s U. Glee Club) 1930 - Piano Variations 1933-1936 El salon Mexico led to his permanent contract with Boosey & Hawkes as his publisher 1936 - his social concerns resulted in his opera for children, with a chorus of parents, The Second Hurricane 1939 - Quiet City 1942 - Fanfare for the Common Man; Lincoln Portrait 1944-1945 - 12 Poems of Emily Dickinson Old American Songs Old American Songs, set 2 1947,1934,1948,1926 - 4 Piano Blues 1947-1948 - Clarinet Concerto for Benny Goodman 1955 - Canticle of Freedom (MIT) 1977 - Midsummer Nocturne (his last composition)

12. AARON COPLAND 8 Film Scores including 1939 - Of Mice and Men 1940 - Our Town 1948 - The Red Pony 6 Ballets including 1938 - Billy the Kid comm. by Lincoln Kirstein for Eugene Loring 1942 - Rodeo for Agnes de Mille 1943-1944 - Appalachian Spring for Martha Graham

13. Fanfare for the Common Man Commissioned by Eugene Goosens, conductor of the Cincinnati Symphony, in August, 1942 In the summer of 1942, Eugene Goosens asked eighteen American composers to contribute patriotic fanfares for performance by the Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra during its 1942-43 season. Ten of these were written for brass and percussion alone and were selected for publication. These works were not only to enrich the present literature for brass and percussion, but to pay tribute to all those involved in the action of World War II. Among those composers participating were Paul Creston, Walter Piston, Howard Hanson, Deems Taylor, Virgil Thomson, Bernard Wagenaar and Aaron Copland. Aaron Copland took the title of Fanfare from Henry Wallace, Vice-President of the United States during Franklin D. Roosevelt�s third term, when Wallace dubbed the twentieth century the �century of the common man.� �I was all for honoring the common man at income tax time.� - Copland

14. AARON COPLAND�SAppalachian Spring written in 1943-1944 for Martha Graham scored for fl, cl, bn, pf, 4 vn, 2 va, 2vc, db Premiere in Wash., DC Oct. 30, 1944 full orch. suite - 1945 Copland: �orchestral know-how consists in keeping instruments out of each other�s way� never conventional uses irregular rhythms (5/8 and 7/8) but never for an entire movement Shaker Tune is unusual in that it is not modified and it is the only borrowed tune with variations The Shaker Tune Simple Gifts (after Copland) was adopted into the repertory of schools, churches and by folksingers the music always turns to simplicity Commissioned by Elizabeth Sprague Coolidge title is from a poem by Hart Crane Martha Graham and Erick Hawkins