NUBIA

1. NUBIA By… Raephia Esterene Martinna Garrick Victor Ramos Xavier Carty Andrew Doss

3. Nubia is split into Upper and Lower Nubia • It is located by the Red Sea and off of the Nile River • Nubia is also known as Kush • Nubia’s capital was Napata, but changed to Meroe

4. POLITICAL Martinna Garrick

5. The Leaders of Nubia Nubia had a monarchy. Nubia was ruled by Kings. One King and Queen of Nubia are King Natakamani and Queen Amanitere. They ruled in the first century. The Queen was also the priestess. This placed the Queen in a role of trust(she was also known as the Eternal Mother). Nubia was a matrilineal society due to the disproportionate number of men and women in the civilization.

6. Military Leaders Affecting Civilization The military affected some aspects of the Nubian civilization. The military provided protection for the royal family. Ancient Nubia was also known as “the land of the bow” for its expert and fierce archers. Due to the fact that Egypt and Nubia both wanted to control the trade region of the north, a rivalry started. With the help of the military, King Piankhi conquered Egypt and ruled it for about one century.

7. ECONOMIC Raephia Esterene

8. People Making A Living People in Nubia made a living by fishing, manufacturing and mining. Many people however, made a living by farming. Because Nubia was off of the Nile River, the water was good for agriculture

9. Resources Unlike barren Lower Nubia, Upper Nubia(also known as northern Sudan) was fertile and rich in natural resources. Nubia was rich in: gold, diamonds, silk, copper, hemp(string), beads (wood/timber), and iron ore. Elephants were also important, Nubians traded their trunks with Persians.

10. Economic Encounters Nubia was very big on trade. They sent gold, ivory, animal skins, perfumes, and enslaved people to the Mediterranean world and Southwest Asia. Meroe made iron tools and weapons which were needed in a kingdom. Egyptians depended on Nubia for iron, gold, and exotic goods, such as incense and ebony. Today, archeologists have found evidence of iron wastes that show Ancient Meroe’s industry.

11. Economic Encounters Outcome All the trade that Nubia did made them very rich. They were able to take their gold and turn it into coins and use it as money.

12. SOCIAL Victor Ramos

13. Religion Many Nubian kingdoms converted to Christianity, but they maintained their Islamic beliefs. When Nubia accepted Christianity, the military achieved the peak of their power. After gaining independence from Egypt, Nubians worshiped their own gods(including Amon, Isis, Aoedemac, Anubis, The Eye of Re, Horus, Sebiumeker, and Bes).

14. Women In Nubia Women would tend to their families and keep the household clean . However, they would also help their husbands in the fields(farming). The women would take care of the children and teach them “the ways”.

15. TECHNOLOGY Xavier Carty

16. Education There really were no schools in Nubia. People would learn from other people. People would learn from their parents, grandparents, and so on. Women would teach girls how to sew, cook, and clean. Men would teach boys how to farm and hunt and take care of the family.

17. Legacies One form of technology, art, and science that the Nubians left behind was how to build pyramids. In order to build a pyramid, you had to be skilled and “crafty”. This came to there advantage because you could use this knowledge and trade it. Also, another form of technology were the tools that people made out of ivory or copper to trade. A form of science was what people used for medicine (they would use herbs).

18. The Impact of Technology The impact of all these inventions was that Nubia built a reputation to show what their people were capable of doing.

19. BIBLIOGRAPHY • World History Textbook • http://www.anth.ucsb.edu/faculty/stsmith/research/nubia_history.html • http://www.reshafim.org.il/ad/egypt/economy/index.html • http://www.shsu.edu/~his_ncp/Sudan.html • http://www.africa.mrdonn.org/kush.html