Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

1. Typhoon Damage Impact Assessment Of Young-dong Region, Korea Park, Chang yong, Graduate Student, Department of Geography, College of Science, Konkuk University, kpotato@konkuk.ac.kr 1/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

2. HAZARD NATURAL MAN-MADE Introduction • Hazard can be defined as the phenomena which human beings are damaged by natural or man-made actions. 2/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

3. METEOROLOGICAL HAZARD HEAVY RAINS HURRI- CANES TROPICAL STORMS TYPHO- ONS TORNA- DOS SNOW STORMS ICE STORMS THUND- ERSTOEMS ETC. NATURAL HAZARD METEOROLOGICAL HAZARD GEOLOGICAL HAZARD HYDROLOGICAL HAZARD EXTRATERRESTRIAL HAZARD Introduction • As the major factor of meteorological hazard occurrence, typhoon cause wind hazard and flood in Korea. 3/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

4. Introduction Rank of meteorological hazard in Korea by economic loss 4/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

5. Introduction Economic losses of meteorological hazard classified by the factor for the period of 1993-2002 6,502,382,450 (US $) Etc. 48,153,303 2,104,628,786 4,354,683,213 5/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

6. Introduction • The number of typhoons are formed an annual average of twenty eight over the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. • There come more or less 9 typhoons invaded into Korea, however, two or three typhoons affected badly or landed in Korea. • The strong typhoon usually arrived in August and affected in the order of July and September. 6/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

7. Introduction • Young-dong region in the Gangwon province was severely damaged due to consecutive 2 years typhoon "Rusa" in 2002 and typhoon "Maemi" in 2003. • Generally, the number of losses of life have been decreased, while economic losses have been increased due to the development of technology. 7/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

8. The purpose of the study • Aimed to examine • - the frequency, • - the magnitude • - direct/indirect damages • Suggest to mitigate the advert impact of typhoon • in the study area 8/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

9. The study area 9/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

10. Data • Data for grading of characteristics and impacts • - precipitation, loss of life, economic loss, social impact • Data to define total impacted areal extent • - Typhoon track data 10/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

11. Data • Study period of typhoon track and the amount of precipitation are from 1974 to 2003. • In case of typhoon damage, study period is from 1991 to 2002. • For the amount of precipitation, data of the weather station in localized land forecast area is used. • Sokcho, Gangneung and Daegwallyeong have existed data of whole study period, Donghae and Taebaek have exist data since 1992 and september 1985 respectively. 11/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

12. Methods • Typhoon magnitude generally estimate to considerate central minimum pressure or central maximum wind speed. • These definitions show the lowest central minimum pressure and the highest wind speed during the lifetime of typhoon until from the formation to the termination of typhoon. • Thus, these definitions lack the regionality. 12/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

13. Methods • It is better to use the amount of precipitation than air pressure because this study is typhoon damage impact assessment of the regional scale. • Therefore, this study estimate the magnitude of typhoon invading in the Young-dong region using the amount of daily precipitation observed in five weather stations (Sokcho, Gangneung, Daegwallyeong, Donghae and Taebaek). 13/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

14. The trend and the magnitude of typhoon • The total number of typhoons occurring in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean from 1951 to 2004  are 1,444. • Among these, 176 events invaded in Korea. Monthly distribution of typhoons 14/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

15. The trend and the magnitude of typhoon Yearly distribution of typhoons Year 15/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

16. The trend and the magnitude of typhoon • The amount of precipitation due to typhoon invading in the Young-dong region has been increasing but it is not significant statistically. Typhoon names invading in Gangneung and the amount of precipitation 16/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

17. The trend and the magnitude of typhoon • Frequencies of the extreme precipitation event due to typhoon have increased. Frequencies above total precipitation 200mm due to typhoon during 1974-1994 and 1994-2003 17/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

18. The trend and the magnitude of typhoon Frequencies above total precipitation 400mm due to typhoon during 1974-1999 and 1999-2003 • Typhoon "Rusa" in 2002 caused the record heavy rain of 422mm in Sokcho, 760mm  in Daegwallyeong and 898mm in Gangneung. • Therefore, the frequency and the magnitude of typhoon affecting in Young-dong region have been increasing. 18/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

19. Damage analysis in Young-dong region Typhoon “Rusa” track Satellite image of typhoon “Rusa” 19/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

20. Damage analysis in Young-dong region Typhoon damages in Young-dong region 20/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

21. Damage analysis in Young-dong region Classification of economic loss (US $) 21/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

22. Damage analysis in Young-dong region • Gangneung city is damaged the most extremely.  • Typhoon "Rusa" is estimated to cause 53 losses of life and 869,565,217$ in economic loss in Gangneung city. • Damages in Samcheok city is estimated to be 25 losses of life and 510,869,565$ in economic loss and yangyang-gun is 23 losses of life and 456,521,739$ in economic loss.  • This area has not been recovered from the impact of typhoon “Rusa” yet, however, in 2003, typhoon “Maemi” invaded again destructed severely. 22/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

23. Results and suggestions • Frequencies, total amount of precipitation and heavy rain due to typhoon invading in Young-dong region have been increasing. • Due to the advance of the hazard prevention system, the number of losses of life have decreased but economic losses have increased. • Especially, public facilities were damaged the most extremely. • Therefore, in order to make preparation for these situations, a hydrological system considering inflow and outflow is required. 23/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

24. Results and suggestions • The Korean Government adjusted construction and structure design criteria level practically due to typhoon "Rusa" in 2002 and "Maemi" in 2003. Adjusted construction and structure design criteria • Central government should greatly enhance construction and structure design criteria level which are consulted with experts from a variety of fields. 24/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

25. Results and suggestions • Rapid recover of government to be not damaged the same next the year is required. • In order to mitigate the economic cost and the human loss, strengthening of preparedness activities such as planning, training, exercises & drills, emergency awareness & education and warming are required. 25/25 Konkuk University Climate Research Institute

26. Thank you for your attention Konkuk University Climate Research Institute