Introducing Environmental Science and Sustainability

1. Chapter 1 Introducing Environmental Science and Sustainability

2. Do Now Essay: Please write a short essay answering the following. • Describe five ways that Highly developed countries differ from less developed countries.

3. Human Impacts on the Environment Learning Objectives • Define: Poverty • Distinguish among highly developed moderately developed less developed countries Source: US Census Bureau, Global Population Profile: 2002

4. A. Human Impacts on the Environment1. Increasing Human Numbers • Over the past 800 thousand years human population continues to grow despite Earth’s finite ability to support us.

5. Do Now Essay: Please write a short essay answering the following question(s). • What does the term “ environmental sustainability” mean to you? • How can you realistically live a more sustaining lifestyle than at present?

6. A. Human Impacts on the Environment1. Increasing Human Numbers Most populous countries: 1) China 1,374,853,000 2) India 1,155,011,000 3) United States 309,163,000 4) Indonesia 258,825,000 5) Brazil 195,580,000 Source: US Census Bureau, Global Population Profile: 2002

7. A. Human Impacts on the Environment1. Increasing Human Numbers

8. A. Human Impacts on the Environment1. Increasing Human Numbers Leads to . . . Poverty : • per capita income of less than $1 a day • 1.2 billion worldwide currently live at this level Lower life expectancy Inadequate health care Unsanitary water Poor nutrition Illiteracy

9. A. Human Impacts on the Environment1. Increasing Human Numbers • per capita: [(puhr kap-i-tuh)]A Latinphrase literally meaning “by heads,” and translated as “for each person.” It is a common unit for expressing data in statistics. A country's per capita personal income, for example, is the average personal income per person.

10. Population, Resources, and the Environment The contrast between less developed and highly developed countries is great:

11. A. Human Impacts on the Environment2. Increasing Human Numbers

12. B. Population, Resources, and the Environment Renewable, but only when managed in a sustainable way Types of resources:

13. B. Population, Resources, and the Environment Resource Consumption: • because of our greater consumption rates, 1 US child has the environmental impact of 12+ children in less developed countries.

14. B. Population, Resources, and the Environment • People Overpopulation: • when excess # of people cause environmental damage. • Consumption Overpopulation: • when people consume enormous amounts of natural resources.

15. B. Population, Resources, and the Environment Ecological footprint

16. B. Population, Resources, and the Environment Environmental Impact Affluence per person I = P A T Environmental effect of technologies Number of people IPAT Model

17. Environmental Sustainability Sustainability: stewardship of natural resources leading to their perpetual availability for successive generations.

18. Environmental Sustainability Sustainability and the Tragedy of the Commons Garrett Hardin

19. Environmental Science • Interdisciplinary study of the interconnected problems associated with the environment. • Heavily leans upon ecology.

20. Environmental Science Hypothesis development Experimentation Analysis NO YES Other scientists New knowledge Share knowledge The Process of Science Problem recognition or question Make predictions Hypothesis supported?

21. Environmental Science Controls and Variables in Experimental Design Variable: • factors influencing processes being examined. • hypothesis examines ONE variable, holding others constant. • This is the experimental group. • Control group : • examined variable is left unaltered

22. Environmental Science Hypothesis: Burning will increase frequency of prairie wildflowers. Which is the control group?

23. Environmental Science How does the view of a theory differ between scientists and the public?

24. Environmental Science Inductive and Deductive Reasoning • Inductive examines a series of facts for commonalities that can be concluded. Example: Fact: an ant has six legs Fact: a wasp has six legs Fact: a beetle has six legs Conclusion: all insects have six legs

25. Environmental Science • Deductive examines for relationships among data moving from generalities to specifics. Example: General rule: all insects have six legs Specific example: a grasshopper is an insect Therefore: a grasshopper has six legs

26. Addressing Environmental Problems Risk Analysis Public education and involvement Political action Evaluation Scientific Assessment

27. Addressing Environmental Problems Case in Point: Lake Washington • Scientific assessment • Public education and involvement • Political action

28. Addressing Environmental Problems Case in Point: Lake Washington Evaluation

29. Addressing Environmental Problems Case in Point: Lake Washington Evaluation