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Human Anatomy

Human Anatomy. The Integument System. Function(s). Physical protection Thermoregulation Excretion Synthesis of vitamin D 3. Structure of Skin. 2 layers – epidermis and dermis. A. Epidermis. Consists only of epithelial cells Avascular – no blood supply No nerve supply

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Human Anatomy

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  1. Human Anatomy The Integument System

  2. Function(s) • Physical protection • Thermoregulation • Excretion • Synthesis of vitamin D3

  3. Structure of Skin 2 layers – epidermis and dermis

  4. A. Epidermis • Consists only of epithelial cells • Avascular – no blood supply • No nerve supply • 5 distinct layers of epithelial cells

  5. Epidermis 5 4 3 2 1

  6. 1. Stratum Germinativum • Deepest layer, in contact with dermis • Single layer of cells • Only layer of epidermis capable of cell division • Contain melanocytes

  7. Melanocytes

  8. Melanocytes

  9. Melanocytes • Capable of producing the brown pigment, melanin • Melanin can absorb energy from ultraviolet (UV) light • UV light contains high energy photons that can damage DNA – mutations • Melanin can prevent damage to DNA, helps to prevent skin cancer

  10. Melanocytes

  11. 2. Stratum Spinosum • Several layers thick • Cells of this layer begin to produce keratin • Keratin is a water-insoluble protein that protects the body from water

  12. 2. Stratum Spinosum

  13. 3. Stratum Granulosum • Multilayer and cells become compressed • Keratin crystallizes into granuoles within the cytoplasm • Cells are metabolically dead

  14. 3. Stratum Granulosum

  15. 4. Stratum Lucidum • Clear layer of cells • Only present in thick skin • Cells nothing more than a bag of keratin

  16. 4. Stratum Lucidum

  17. 5. Stratum Corneum • Multiple layers of flattened, dead cells • Number of layers depends on region of the body • More friction, more layers of cells

  18. Accessory Structuresof the Integument • Hair follicles • Oil and sweat glands • Nails

  19. Skin Color • Is determined by 3 pigments • Hemoglobin – red pigment within rbc • Melanin – brown pigment in melanocytes • Carotene – orange-yellow pigment found in both epidermal cells and dermal fat cells

  20. B. Dermis • Consists of other 3 tissue types • CT • Muscle • Nervous • Has blood supply and nerves

  21. Dermis

  22. Dermis • CT adds collagen and elastic fibers which give strength and stretch properties

  23. Dermis 2. Muscle – arrector pili m. which is attached to shaft of hair follicle

  24. Dermis 3. Nervous – detects light touch, stretch, deep pressure,vibration and temperature

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