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Human Anatomy

Human Anatomy. The Integument System. Function(s). Physical protection Thermoregulation Excretion Synthesis of vitamin D 3. Structure of Skin. Two layers: (1) epidermis and (2) dermis. A. Epidermis. Consists only of epithelial cells Avascular – no blood supply No nerve supply

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Human Anatomy

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  1. Human Anatomy The Integument System

  2. Function(s) • Physical protection • Thermoregulation • Excretion • Synthesis of vitamin D3

  3. Structure of Skin Two layers: (1) epidermis and (2) dermis

  4. A. Epidermis • Consists only of epithelial cells • Avascular – no blood supply • No nerve supply • 4 distinct layers of epithelial cells

  5. Epidermis

  6. Epidermis

  7. 1. Stratum Basale • Deepest layer, in contact with dermis • Single layer of cells • Only layer of epidermis capable of cell division • Contain melanocytes

  8. Melanocytes

  9. Melanocytes • Capable of producing the brown pigment, melanin • Melanin can absorb energy from ultraviolet (UV) light • UV light contains high energy photons that can damage DNA – mutations • Melanin can prevent damage to DNA, helps to prevent skin cancer

  10. Epidermis

  11. 2. Stratum Spinosum • Several layers thick • Cells of this layer begin to produce keratin • Keratin is a water-insoluble protein that protects the body from water

  12. Epidermis

  13. 3. Stratum Granulosum • Multilayer and cells become compressed • Keratin crystallizes into granuoles within the cytoplasm • Cells are metabolically dead

  14. Epidermis

  15. 5. Stratum Corneum • Multiple layers of flattened, dead cells • Number of layers depends on region of the body • More friction, more layers of cells

  16. Accessory Structuresof the Integument • Hair follicles • Oil and sweat glands • Nails

  17. Skin Color • Is determined by 3 pigments • Hemoglobin – red pigment within rbc • Melanin – brown pigment in melanocytes • Carotene – orange-yellow pigment found in both epidermal cells and dermal fat cells

  18. B. Dermis • Consists of other 3 tissue types • CT • Muscle • Nervous • Has blood supply and nerves

  19. Dermis DERMIS

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