Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys Data dissemination and further analysis workshop

1. Multiple Indicator Cluster SurveysData dissemination and further analysis workshop Water and Sanitation MICS4 Data Dissemination and Further Analysis Workshop

2. Background – What’s included in MICS? Drinking water • Use of main drinking water source • On premises? • Off premises? • Application of household water treatment • Time-to-source (round-trip) • Who usually goes to the source to collect water?

3. Indicators and definitions 4.1: Drinking Water [MDG Indicator] • Proportion of the population that uses an improved drinking water source Improved drinking water sources: • Piped into dwelling, plot or yard • Public tap/standpipe • Tube well/borehole • Protected dug well • Protected spring • Rainwater collection

4. Bottled water presented two times

6. Poorer segments of the population have lower access to improved sources of drinking water Access to an improved drinking water source by wealth quintiles Source: Nigeria MICS 2007

7. Water on premises is mostly a privilege of the richest Drinking water source on premises by wealth quintiles Source: Nigeria MICS 2007

8. Surface water The drinking water ladder Other unimproved sources Other improved sources Piped onto premises 1990 2008

9. Indicators and definitions 4.2: Water treatment Percentage of the population applying any of the following treatment methods: • Boiling • Add bleach/chlorine • Use water filter • Solar disinfection

11. Only household members in household using unimproved sources

13. Use of improved and unimproved drinking water sources by collection time Source: UNICEF analysis of MICS / DHS reports from17 countries in sub-Saharan Africa with >2 MICS / DHS reports

15. Background – What’s included in MICS? Sanitation • Type of toilet facility used • Is this facility shared with other households? • No -----------> Private facility • Yes • Households you know? • No ---------------> Public facility • Yes -------------> Shared facility • How many households? • Safe disposal of child faeces(U5 questionnaire) • Assess the likelihood that hand washing with water and soap takes place through observation

16. Indicators and definitions 4.3: Use of improved sanitation [MDG Indicator] • Proportion of the population that uses an improved sanitation facility which is not shared Definition of improved sanitation facilities: • Flush/pour flush to: • piped sewer system • septic tank • pit latrine • Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrine • Pit latrine with slab • Composting toilet

17. Please note that WS5 table doesn’t present the indicator value. Use of improved sanitation facilities includes information on shared or public sanitation facilities: Those using a shared or public sanitation facility of an otherwise improved type of sanitation facility are excluded from the indicator

18. Careful when comparing with results from previous MICS surveys: indicator needs to be recalculated by taking into account information on shared facilities

20. The poorest in Nigeria are 5 times less likely than the richest to use an improved sanitation facility Access to sanitation by wealth quintiles Source: Nigeria MICS 2007

21. Open defecation among the population in rural areas without road Source: Lao PDR, MICS 2006

22. Open defecation Open defecation Estimating the use of public and shared facilities Unimproved Shared Unimproved type Shared sanitation facilities are of an improved type Improved type Improved 1990 2008

23. Compare with tables WS1 and WS6

25. Indicators and definitions 4.4: Safe disposal of child faeces Percentage of children age 0-2 years whose last stools were disposed off safely Safe disposal: Child used toilet/latrine Put/rinsed into toilet/latrine

26. Note: It may be argued that disposing of diapers with solid waste is adequate; this eventually depends on how solid waste is handled about which we do not have information.

27. Indicators and definitions 4.5: Place for hand washing Proportion of households with a specific place for hand washing where water and soap are present 4.6: Availability of soap Proportion of households with soap anywhere in the dwelling

30. Expected patterns • Drinking water coverage is higher than sanitation coverage • Urban coverage is higher than rural coverage • Open defecation rates are higher in rural areas than in urban areas • Piped connections into the household, dwelling, plot or yard are higher in urban than in rural areas • The use of shared improved sanitation facilities is higher in urban than in rural areas

31. THANK YOU!