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Roman Pleasure Villas

Roman Pleasure Villas. I. Context: Time and spaces designed for pleasure  A. Why didn’t Roman pleasure villas emerge before the mid 1 st century bc ?. Farming “villa rustica ” owned by city-dweller at Boscoreale , Italy, 1 st cen. bc.

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Roman Pleasure Villas

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  1. Roman Pleasure Villas

  2. I. Context: Time and spaces designed for pleasure  A. Why didn’t Roman pleasure villas emerge before the mid 1st century bc? Farming “villa rustica” owned by city-dweller at Boscoreale, Italy, 1st cen. bc

  3. I. B. Roman Villa Ideology: How did Romans come to justify the creation of villas? “It is not without reason that those great men our ancestors preferred country people to city-dwellers; for just as in the country those who live in the luxury villa are lazier than those who work in the fields, so they believed those who stay in town to be more indolent than those who life in the country” (Varro, Rerumrusticarum, II. i). city life/business(negotium) necessitatesleisure (otium) The fora in downtown Rome Roman fresco of a seaside villa

  4. II. Villa design: loosening the Roman preference for spatial control Hadrian’s Villa, Tivoli, Italy, A.D. 118-125 (Imperial) model Aerial view of most of Hadrian’s Villa

  5. II. A. Functions: Experiencesa pleasure villa should offer to the owner 3. Hadrian’s Villa Pliny’s Tuscan Villa 2nd century ad Pliny’s LaurentineVilla 2nd century ad

  6. II. A. 1. From Pliny’s letter, what are important qualities of a site suitable for a pleasure villa and are they satisfied at Hadrian’s Villa? 1. 2. Hadrian’s Villa in Tivoli Rome Hadrian’s Villa

  7. II. A. 2. Easy access to the restorative effects of nature: What are some examples of how architects design for the interpenetration of nature and living space in a pleasure villa? Hadrian’s Villa Scenic Canal and Triclinium Island Enclosure

  8. II. A. 3. How does the plan encouraged walking and exercise? Hadrian’s Villa, ambulatory wall

  9. II. A. 4. How did the pleasure of the eye determine villa design? Hadrian’s Villa: East West Terrace

  10. II. B. Villa design principles: Strategies for an exhilarating subjective experience at Hadrian’s Villa Good villa design should make one’s real-life routine inconvenient. Hadrian’s Villa No single controlling idea = no cohesive overall plan But, individual portions have consistent axes (echoes of the ideal)

  11. II. B. 1. How does the design urge inhabitants to move on to successive experiences, rather than simultaneous experiences? opening draws visitor into the Island Enclosure Hadrian’s Villa, ambulatory wall optical linkage to the next experience

  12. II. B. 2. How are last minute revelations or surprises arranged? Hadrian’s Villa, Island Enclosure reconstructive rendering actual state

  13. II. B. 3. How do strong contrasts enhance perceptual sensations? Hadrian’s Villa, Scenic Canal and Triclinium

  14. II. B. 3. Hadrian’s Villa, Scenic Canal and Triclinium

  15. II. B. 3. Hadrian’s Villa, Scenic Triclinium with view back out

  16. III. The Imperial quality – i.e., emperor-enhancing – of Hadrian’s pleasure villa

  17. III. A. Making Hadrian’s Villa look like it had a long history leading to Hadrian with a promising future 1. Buildings that glorify the past of Classical architecture Doric tholos Doric tholos

  18. III. A. 2. Buildings that reveal the future potential of Classical architecture a. new exploitations of the curve Island Enclosure - tiny atrium at the center Reverse curve pavilion

  19. III. A. 2. b. Experiments with new vaulting types Scenic Triclinium Vestibule of the Water Court Scalloped and gored hemispherical vault mounted on a cylindrical ground plan Gored dome with slim columns at the angles carrying impost blocks which appeared to be the springing point of both the vault and the arches, creating a double ring of arches.

  20. III. A. 2. c. manipulation of classical orders Hadrian’s Villa, Scenic Canal and Triclinium arcuatedlintel

  21. III. A. 2. c. Square (!) Doric “columns” in the hall of the Ceremonial Precinct Unfluted Ionic order

  22. participatory politics autocratic regimes Classical Greece Hellenistic Greece Roman Republic Roman Empire

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