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BASICS OF GEOGRAPHY

This chapter provides an overview of geography, including the study of physical and human features on Earth, the five themes of geography, the concept of location, place, region, movement, and human-environment interaction, as well as the tools and skills used by geographers.

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BASICS OF GEOGRAPHY

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  1. BASICS OF GEOGRAPHY CHAPTER ONE

  2. What is geography? • Study of the distribution and interaction of physical and human features on earth • In other words, it is the study of how people interact with their physical surroundings and the effects of the environment on humans

  3. five themes of geography • Location: where is it? Absolute and relative • Place: what is it like? • Region: how are places similar or different? • Movement: how do people, goods and ideas spread from one location to another • Human environment interaction: how do people relate to the physical world

  4. location • Absolute- exact spot or place on earth where a geographic feature can be found • Hemisphere, equator, prime meridian latitude, longitude, use of grid system • EHS-- 33 N 82 W • Relative- where a place is located in relation to another place

  5. Grid system

  6. Relative location

  7. Place: What is it like- includes physical and cultural features of a location (describe)

  8. Region- how are places similar or different? (compare) • Formal- defined by limited number of related characteristics (physical and cultural) examples : US and Canada, Latin America, Sub-Saharan Africa • Functional- organized around a set of interactions and connections between places--- think of the relationship between a large city and its suburbs • Perceptual- people think/perceive of a region in much the same way--- think of Alaska– most would think of a cold wilderness—the last frontier

  9. formal

  10. functional

  11. perceptual

  12. movement • Linear- how far away is a place by actual physical distance Example: I live 4 miles away from EHS if I drive it • Time- how long it takes to travel a distance Example—it takes me 5 to 15 minutes to get to EHS depending on traffic • Psychological -- how do people perceive distance? Familiarity affects perception Think about the first time you go somewhere

  13. Tools of the geographer • Globes • Maps • Map projections (page 18-19) • Photographs, scale models • (information-charts, tables, graphs), satellite information…….. GIS, GPS • 5 themes help to organize information • Location, Place, Region, H-E-I, Movement

  14. Cartographer

  15. Modern tools • Satellites • Landsat- series of satellites that survey earth and collect data • GOES- geostationary operational environment satellite gathers weather information • GIS-Geographic information system stores global information in a digital database • GPS- global positioning system- uses a series of Navstar satellites to help determine absolute location developed by the military

  16. Peruse through the geography skills handbook pages 14-23 • Identify the following: • Reading a map- title, compass rose, legend, scale, symbols, and the use of colors • Projections-why use them? • Planar • Conical • compromise

  17. three types of maps A. General reference • Physical map • Political map B. Thematic map • Qualitative • Cartogram • Flow-line C. navigational

  18. Thematic map—US Civil War

  19. Flow Line

  20. Cartogram-depicting HIV in world

  21. Navigational map

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