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GASES 13.1

GASES 13.1. Chapter Thirteen: The Behavior of Gases. 13.1 Gases, Pressure, and the Atmosphere 13.2 The Gas Laws. Chapter 13.1 Learning Goals. Describe the composition of Earth’s atmosphere. Make comparisons between Earth’s atmosphere and the atmospheres of other planets.

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GASES 13.1

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  1. GASES 13.1

  2. Chapter Thirteen: The Behavior of Gases • 13.1 Gases, Pressure, and the Atmosphere • 13.2 The Gas Laws

  3. Chapter 13.1 Learning Goals • Describe the composition of Earth’s atmosphere. • Make comparisons between Earth’s atmosphere and the atmospheres of other planets. • Explain the meaning of atmospheric pressure and describe how it is measured.

  4. Key Question: How are temperature and pressure of a gas related? Investigation 13A Pressure Temperature Relationship

  5. 13.1 What’s in Earth’s atmosphere? • Nitrogen (N2) gas makes up about 78 percent of Earth’s atmosphere. • Nitrogen is released into the air by volcanoes and decaying organisms and is a vital element for living things.

  6. 13.1 Comparing atmospheres • An atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or other body in space.

  7. 13.1 Life changed Earth’s atmosphere • Over time, photosynthesis breaks down carbon dioxide, uses carbon to build the organism, and releases oxygen into the air.

  8. 13.1 Life changed Earth’s atmosphere • Earth stores carbon as calcium carbonate so it doesn’t return to the atmosphere. • “Fossil fuels” (oil, coal, and natural gas) are carbon from decaying plants and animals in the ground.

  9. 13.1 Atmospheric pressure • Atmospheric pressure is a measurement of the force of air molecules in the atmosphere at a given altitude. • Your ear drum is one way you can detect changes in pressure.

  10. 13.1 Pressure in the atmosphere • At sea level, the weight of the column of air above a person is about 9,800 newtons (2,200 pounds)! • This is equal to the weight of a small car. • Why aren’t we crushed by this pressure?

  11. A barometer is an instrument that measures atmospheric pressure. Mercury barometers were common until we discovered their vapors were harmful. 13.1 Measuring Pressure

  12. Today we use aneroid barometers. They have an airtight cylinder made of thin metal. The walls of the cylinder respond to changes in pressure. 13.1 Measuring Pressure

  13. 13.1 Pressure in the atmosphere • The gas molecules closest to Earth’s surface are packed together very closely. • This means pressure is lower the higher up you go into the atmosphere.

  14. 13.1 Pressure changes with altitude

  15. 13.1 Units of pressure

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