Solid-State Physics I Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Fall semester 2011 Educational team : Hamed Saberi ,

1. Solid-State Physics I ShahidBeheshti University, Tehran, Iran Fall semester 2011 Educational team: HamedSaberi, Ph.D. Massoud Amiri, M.Sc. Mehdi Zahedi, B.E.E. Lecture 1: Introduction and motivation Shahrivar 29, 1390

2. Outline Part I: Getting to know to each other ... Part II: Introduction to the course subject: "More is different!" Solid-state physics: the advent Solid-state/condensed matter physics: main features and the significance Solid-state physics and emerging technologies Solid-state/condensed-matter tradition Solid-state "friends": Cross-fertilization Part III: Course outline and organization Course objective Course "space-time" Teaching style Textbooks and syllabus Grading/evaluation policy Tutorial sessions Genral tips to succeed in this course

3. Part I:Getting to know to each other

4. Getting to know to each other … And you? • Name: • Institute : • Field of specialization: • Main science interests: Lecturer: 1381: BSc in atomic and molecular Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran 1383: MSc in theoretical condensed matter physics, Shahid Beheshti University, under F. Ebrahimi, Tehran, Iran 2009: PhD in theoretical condensed matter physics, University of Munich (LMU), under J. von Deflt & E. Solano, Munich, Germany 2009-2011: Post-docs at LMU, UPV Bilbao and Regensburg Research interests: Numerical calculations for strongly correlated systems Quantum information processing Mesoscopic Physics: Quantum transport theory and spin electronics

5. Part II: Introduction to the course subject What is solid-state physics all about? "More is different!" P.W. Anderson 1+1≠2  2

6. Solid-state physics: the advent Solid-state physics studies how the large-scale properties of solid materials result from their atomic-scale properties. The birth of solid-state physics as a separate field with the publication of Fredrick Seitz’s book, Modern Theory of Solids (1940) coalescing parts of many fields such as metallurgy, crystallography, magnetism, and electronic conduction in solids into the new field of solid-state physics. About twenty years later: the advent of the term condensed-matter physics, including solid-state but also liquids and a variety of materials in condensed phase like quantum fluids, liquid crystals, complex systems etc

7. Solid-state/condensed-matter phys.: main features ? B A C D Not necessarily! Collective phenomena, interactions, correlations Novel collective phenomena: High-temperature superconductivity, superfluidity, Anderson localization, Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC), persistent currents, Mott insulators, Kondo effect, Fractional quantum Hall effect (FQHE) etc "More is different!": Emergent simplifying properties at a higher level of complexity: crystal symmetry, thermodynamic limit, the laws of statistics etc

8. Solid-state physics: the significance • As the largest branch of condensed-matter physics (CMP), it aims at understanding and explaining macroscopic properties of the materials from interactions among constituent particles. • CMP identified as the largestfield of contemporary physics: around 1/3 of US physicists belong to condensed-matter category! • Over the past 50 years, 22 Nobel prizes in physics went to condensed-matter! • Proof by contradiction: cf. budgets toward CMP in developing countires to that of the developed world!

9. Solid-state physics and emerging technologies Semiconductor technlogy: Transistor and integrated circuits technology Superconductor technologies: SQUID 2007's physics Nobel prize for hard disk technology Graphene (Nobel prize in physics 2010) The "tsunami" of Nanotechnology: phase-coherent contorl of nature at nano-scale Quantum dots: Artificial atoms

10. Solid-state/condensed-matter tradition

11. Solid-state "friends": Cross-fertilization Quantum mechanics Statistical physics Materials science Metallurgy Crytallography Quantum optics Quantum electronics Many-body physics Quantum information Quantum chemistry Nanoscience and nanotechnology Spintronics Electrical engineering Computational physics Nanobiotechnology

12. Part III: Course outline and organization

13. Course objectives Introduction to basic concepts of solid-state physics either to excite the mind for pursuing a condensed matter career or to give a fair overview of the subject to audience with ambitions towards other disciplines of physics Illustration of modernexamples of technological interest (carbon nanotubes, band structure of graphite and grapheme, quantum Hall effect, transport theory of nanostructures, giant magnetoresistance for hard disk technology along with a pedagogical presentation of the traditional solid-state topics Considerable attention to the theory of band structures, semiconducting materials and Fermi surface analysis Much emphasis on exercises of pedagogical merit as well as research-oriented ones through team work under intensive and regular tutorial sessions

14. Course "space-time" Schedule: Sunday and Tuesday 14:30-16:00 (Lecture duration: 90 mins) Venue: Seminar Room of Physics Department, ShahidBeheshti University

15. Teaching style www.theorie.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~vondelft/echalk/echalktemplate.jnt Gap-filled E-chalk Tablet PC & projector

16. Textbooks "A book is useful to at least one person: its own author!“ Undergraduate: • Introduction to Solid State Physics, C. Kittel (Wiley 8thed, 2004).  • Solid state physics: introduction to the theory, J. Patterson and B. Bailey (Springer 2nded, 2011). • Introductory solid state physics, H.P. Myers (CRC Press 2nded, 1997). • Elementary Solid State Physics, M.A. Omar (Addison-Wesley, 1994). • Solid State Physics, J.S. Blakemore (Cambridge University Press 2nded, 1985). • Solid state physics, J.R. Hook and H.E. Hall (Wiley 2nded, 1995). • Solid state physics: an introduction, P. Hofmann (Wiley-VCH, 2008). • Understanding solid-state physics, S.L. Holgate (Taylor & Francis, 2009).

17. Textbooks 2 More advanced: • Solid state physics, G. Grosso and G.P. Parravicini (Academic Press, 2000).   • Solid-State Physics: An Introduction to Principles of Materials Science, H. Ibach and H. Lüth (Springer, 2009). • Solid State Theory: An Intoroduction, U. Rössler (Springer, 2009). • Solid State Physics, N.W. Ashcroft and N.D. Mermin (Brooks Cole, 1976). • Principles of the Theory of Solids, J.M. Ziman (Cambridge University Press, 1979). • Condensed matter physics, M.P. Marder (Wiley-Interscience, 2000). • Quantum Theory of Solids, C. Kittel (John Wiley and Sons, 1987). • Fundamentals of the Theory of Metals, A. Abrikosov (North-Holland, 1988).

18. Textbooks 3 • Condensed matter in a nutshell, G.D. Mahan (Princeton University Press, 2010).  • Solid state theory, W.A. Harrison (Dover Publications, 1980). • Solid state physics: essential concepts, D.W. Snoke (Addison-Wesley, 2009). Electrical properties: • Electricalproperties of materials, L. Solymar and D. Walsh (Oxford University Press, 2009). • Electronic Structure and the Properties of Solids: The Physics of the Chemical Bond, W.A. Harrison (Dover publications, 1989). • Atomic and Electronic Structure of Solids, E. Kaxiras (Cambridge University Press, 2003). Device aspects: • Solid state electronic devices, B. Streetman and S. Banerjee (Prentice Hall, 2005).

19. Textbooks 4 • Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology, S.M. Sze (Wiley, 2001). Modern mesoscopics/transport aspects: • Quantum Transport: Introduction to Nanoscience, Y.V. Nazarov and Y.M. Blanter (Cambridge University Press, 2009). • “Quantum transport in semiconductor nanostructures”, C. W. J. Beenakker and H. van Houten, arXiv:cond-mat/0412664v1. • Mesoscopic Electronics in Solid State Nanostructures, T. Heinzel (Wiley-VCH; illustrated edition, 2003). • Quantum Transport: Atom to Transistor, S. Datta (Cambridge University Press, 2005). • Mesoscopic Phenomena in Solids, B. Altshuler, P.A. Lee, and R. A. Webb, (eds) (North-Holland, 1991).

20. Textbooks 5 Filed theoretical aspects: • Condensed Matter Field Theory, A. Altland and B. Simons (Cambridge University Press, 2006).

21. Syllabus Refer to course brochure

22. Grading/evaluation policy

23. Communications Office hour: Tuesday 16:30 - 17:30 E-mail: hamed.saberi@lmu.de Skype: h_saberi ooVoo: h_saberi [Solid] Mailing-list Temporary course home-page: http://homepages.physik.uni-muenchen.de/~Hamed.Saberi/solid.html

24. Request • Please send me an email with the subject "Solid-State Physics I" and in the body a message containing info of the following format: • Surname, first name: • Institute: • Field of specialization: • Main science interests: e.g. • Saberi, Hamed • Physics Departement, Shahid Beheshti University • Condensed matter theory • Mesoscopic Physics, Quantum information

25. Tutorial sessions Attaendance in tutorial sessions is highly recommended! Besides the 20% presentation credit, complementary course materials (and sometimes some parts of the syllabus) will be covered throughout the tutorial sessions! Please do stick to one tutor for evaluation but feel free to attend whichever sessions you wish

26. Tips to succeed in this course And most importantly: Reading emails and visiting course home-page regularly! Working hard! To feel free to ask as many questions as possible/needed Discussing a lot with other course participants Identifying local experts (graduate students of condensed matter around etc) for possible questions/discussions Attending tutorial sessions regularly Providing regular feedbaks/suggestions to the educational team Avoiding philiosophiizng physics and learning rather by doing!

27. Caveats Obsolete scientific concepts after adoption of Copenhagen doctrine: To understand, to learn, to teach, to read or to study, to waste time on deriving equations of others, to do science only to enjoy it etc Just do it andget it to work! Pragmatism vs Iranian/Indian understading of sceince especially among students community Never expect to digest anything upon the first iteration. Don‘t get stuck, rather keep going ahead and always allow multiple iterations Don't be surprised happening to hear the most commonly used term of science, namely, "I don't know" even from Nobel laureates and try to practice the intellectual courage of using that as much as needed!

28. A bit of getting the chest off ... “To be, or not to be, that is the question: … ”!

29. Suggestions/feedbacks always welcome! hamed.saberi@lmu.de masoud-amiri@live.com mehdi.zahedi@gmail.com Looking forward to seeing you all in the course! Do you approve by now that: 1+1≠2?  “Those who never make mistakes make the biggest mistake of all: they never try anything new!”