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Manifest Destiny

Explore the concept of Manifest Destiny and its impact on America's westward expansion, social reforms, industrial revolution, and political democratization. Learn about key events such as the Texas Independence, Mexican War, and the California Gold Rush.

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Manifest Destiny

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  1. Manifest Destiny Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley H. S. Chappaqua, NY

  2. Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860 • New intellectual and religious movements. • Social reforms. • Beginnings of the Industrial Revolution in America. • Re-emergence of a second party system and morepolitical democratization. • Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions. • Increase in American nationalism. • Further westward expansion.

  3. “Manifest Destiny” • First coined by newspaper editor, John O’Sullivan in 1845. • ".... the right of our manifest destiny to over spread and to possess the whole of the continent which Providence has given us for the development of the great experiment of liberty and federaltive development of self-government entrusted to us. It is right such as that of the tree to the space of air and the earth suitable for the full expansion of its principle and destiny of growth." • A myth of the West as a land of romance and adventure emerged.

  4. Belief that the US should expand its territory from coast to coast What is “Manifest Destiny”

  5. “American Progress” by John Gast, 1872

  6. The Pony Express • Between April, 1860 and Nov., 1861. • Delivered news and mail between St. Louis, MO and San Francisco, CA. • Took 10 days. • Replaced by the completion of the trans-continental telegraph line.

  7. Aroostook “War,” 1839 • The only war ever declared by a state. • Between the Canadian region of New Brunswick and the state of Maine. • Cause: The expulsion of Canadian lumberjacks in the disputed area of Aroostook by Maine officials. • Congress called up 50,000 men and voted for $10,000,000 to pay for the “war.” • General Winfield Scott arranged a truce, and a border commission was convened to resolve the issue.

  8. Maine Boundary Settlement, 1842

  9. Texas Independence (1836-1845)

  10. Texas Declaration of Independence

  11. Key Figures in Texas Independence, 1836 Sam Houston(1793-1863) Steven Austin(1793-1836)

  12. The Republic of Texas

  13. Remember the Alamo!

  14. Davey Crockett’s Last Stand

  15. The Battle of the Alamo General Antonio Lpez de Santa Anna Recaptures the Alamo

  16. Overland Immigration to the West • Between 1840 and 1860, more than250,000 people made the trekwestward.

  17. The Oregon Trail – Albert Bierstadt, 1869

  18. Trails Westward

  19. The Doomed Donner Party April, 1846 – April, 1847

  20. The Doomed Donner Party CANNIBALISM ! ! Margaret Patrick John Breen Breen Breen • Of the 83 members of the Donner Party, only 45 survived to get to California! James Reed & Wife

  21. The Oregon Dispute: 54’ 40º or Fight! • By the mid-1840s,“Oregon Fever” wasspurred on by thepromise of free land. • The joint British-U. S.occupation ended in1846.

  22. The Bear Flag Republic The Revolt  June 14, 1845 John C. Frémont

  23. The Mexican War (1846-1848)

  24. The Slidell Mission: Nov., 1845 • Mexican recognition of the Rio Grande River as the TX-US border. • US would forgive American citizens’claims against the Mexican govt. • US would purchase the New Mexicoarea for $5,000,000. • US would California at any price. John Slidell

  25. Wilmot Proviso, 1846 Provided, territory from that, as an express and fundamental condition to the acquisition of any the Republic of Mexico by the United States, by virtue of any treaty which may be negotiated between them, and to the use by the Executive of the moneys herein appropriated, neither slavery nor involuntary servitude shall ever exist in any part of said territory, except for crime, whereof the party shall first be duly convicted. Congr. David Wilmot(D-PA)

  26. The Mexican War (1846-1848)

  27. General Zachary Taylor at Palo Alto “Old Rough and Ready”

  28. The Bombardment of Vera Cruz

  29. General Scott Enters Mexico City “Old Fuss and Feathers”

  30. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 Nicholas Trist,American Negotiator

  31. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848 The Treaty was basically forced on Mexico! • Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio Grande River. • Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico. • U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay the claims of American citizens against Mexico(over $3,500,000).

  32. Results of the Mexican War? The 17-month war cost $100,000,000 and 13,000+American lives (mostly of disease). New territories were brought into the Union which forced the explosive issue of SLAVERY to the center of national politics.* Brought in 1 million sq. mi. of land (incl. TX) These new territories would upset the balance of power between North and South. Created two popular Whig generals who ran for President. Manifest Destiny partially realized.

  33. Unresolved Issues & New Opportunities

  34. Free Soil Party Free Soil! Free Speech! Free Labor! Free Men! • “Barnburners” – discontented northern Democrats. • Anti-slave members of the Liberty and Whig Parties. • Opposition to the extension of slavery in the newterritories! WHY?

  35. The 1848 Presidential Election Results √

  36. The Mexican Cession

  37. GOLD! At Sutter’s Mill, 1848 John A. Sutter

  38. California Gold Rush, 1849 49er’s

  39. Two Views of San Francisco, Early 1850s • By 1860, almost 300,000people had traveled theOregon & CaliforniaTrails to the Pacificcoast.

  40. Territorial Growth to 1853

  41. Westward the Course of EmpireEmmanuel Leutze, 1860

  42. Expansionist Young America in the 1850s America’s Attempted Raids into Latin America

  43. A US Territorial Expansion When? A - 13 Original Colonies • 1776 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • US declared independence from Great Britain

  44. US Territorial Expansion When? B - Western Lands • 1783 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Part of results of Treaty of Paris (ended Revolutionary War) A B

  45. US Territorial Expansion When? C - LouisianaPurchase • 1803 From Where? • France Why? • Napoleon needed $ • Jefferson wanted to buy New Orleans • He got all of this instead! A C B

  46. US Territorial Expansion When? D - Florida • 1819 From Where? • Spain Why? • Andrew Jackson invaded • Spain then sold it to us for $5 million A C B D

  47. US Territorial Expansion When? E - Texas • 1845 From Where? • Republic of Texas (Independent Country) Why? • Texas independent from Mexico in 1836 • Northerners feared it would become a slave state • Fears finally overcome in 1944 Presidential election A C B E D

  48. US Territorial Expansion When? F - Oregon Territory • 1846 From Where? • Great Britain Why? • Claimed by four countries (G. Britain, Russia, Spain, & US) • Americans demanded “54° 40’ or fight!” • Britain compromised 49° & US accepted F A C B E D

  49. US Territorial Expansion When? G - Mexican Cession • 1848 From Where? • Mexico Why? • Polk offers to buy G from Mexico & they refuse • War! • US wins • In Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, US offers $15 million for G F A C B G E D

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