1 / 76

parasitology

parasitology. Medical Parasites : - Protozoa 1- Platyhelminthes - Helminthes: 2- Nemathelminthes - Arthropoda 3- Nematomorpha 4- Acanthocephala 5- Annelida.

elizabethparks
Download Presentation

parasitology

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. parasitology • Medical Parasites: • - Protozoa 1- Platyhelminthes • - Helminthes: 2- Nemathelminthes • - Arthropoda 3- Nematomorpha 4- Acanthocephala 5- Annelida

  2. WHO Classified of Helminthes According to transmission methods • 1- Soil transmitted Helminthes : Ascaris, Hook worms • 2- Snail t. H. : Trematoda( Schistosoma,….) • 3- Arthropods t. H. : Filaria, Dracanculus medinensis • 4- Food and Meat t. H. : Taenia saginata, Taenia solium • 5- Direct t. H. ( contagious H.):Enterobius vermicularis,…

  3. Nematoda General Discription Morphology

  4. Reproductive system

  5. Digestive system Bucal cavity

  6. Classification of nematoda • 1- Intestinal Nematodes • 2- Blood & Tissue Nematodes • 3- Animal Nematodes: which larve stage of them is infective for human

  7. Ascaris lumbricoides • Causal Agent:Is the largest nematode (roundworm) parasitizing the human intestine. •   (Adult females: 20 to 35 cm; adult male: 15 to 30 cm.)

  8. Ascaris lumbricoides • Aetiology: • Size • color

  9. Anterior & Posterior end

  10. Geographic Distribution

  11. Life cycle

  12. Microscopy diagnosis

  13. Clinical Features Lung phase ( larval migration): - Loeffler’s syndrome). Adult worms : usually cause no acute symptoms.  High worm burdens may cause abdominal pain and intestinal obstruction.

  14. Heavy Infection

  15. Migrating adult worms 

  16. Pathogenesis

  17. Laboratory Diagnosis • Microscopic identification of eggs in the stool is the most common method for diagnosing intestinal ascariasis

  18. Treatment • The drugs of choice for treatment of ascariasis are albendazole*, mebendazole, and pyrantel pamoate

  19. Enterobius vermicularis • Causal Agent:Oxyuris vermicularis, also called human pinworm or seatworm.  • (Adult females: 8 to 13 mm, adult male: 2 to 5 mm.)  • Humans are considered to be the only hosts of E. vermicularis. 

  20. Adult Male

  21. Life cycle Life Cycle:

  22. Geographic Distribution Worldwide, with infections more frequent in school- or preschool- children and in crowded conditions.  Enterobiasis appears to be more common in temperate than tropical countries. 

  23. Clinical Features • Enterobiasis is frequently asymptomatic.  • The most typical symptom is perianal pruritus, especially at night, which may lead to excoriations and bacterial superinfection.  • Occasionally, invasion of the female genital tract with vulvovaginitis and pelvic or peritoneal granulomas can occur.  • Other symptoms include anorexia, irritability, and abdominal pain.

  24. Pathogenesis

  25. Cross-section of human appendix containing Enterobius vermicularis

  26. Laboratory Diagnosis • ("Scotch test", cellulose-tape slide test • Alternatively, anal swabs or "Swube tubes" (a paddle coated with adhesive material) can also be used. • Adult worms are also diagnostic, when found in the perianal area, or during ano-rectal or vaginal examinations

  27. Microscopy diagnosis

  28. Treatment The drug of choice is pyrantel pamoate.  • Measures to prevent reinfection, such as personal hygiene and laundering of bedding, should be discussed and implemented in cases where infection affects other household members.

  29. Trichuris trichiura( also called the human whipworm)

  30. Life Cycle

  31. Geographic Distribution • The third most common round worm of humans.  • Worldwide, with infections more frequent in areas with tropical weather and poor sanitation practices, and among children.  • It is estimated that 800 million people are infected worldwide.

  32. Clinical Features Most frequently asymptomatic.  Heavy infections, especially in small children, can cause gastrointestinal problems (abdominal pain, diarrhea, rectal prolapse) and possibly growth retardation

  33. Whipworm in the gut

  34. Prolapsed Rectum

  35. Laboratory diagnosis • Microscopic identification of whipworm eggs in feces is evidence of infection. 

  36. Treatment Mebendazole is the drug of choice, with albendazole as an alternative

  37. Hookwoms Human Hookworms: 1) Ancylostoma duodenale 2) Necator americanus Animal hookworms: 1) A. caninum 2) A. braziliense 3) A. ceylanicum ………………….

  38. Ancylostoma duodenale

  39. Necator americanus

More Related