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THE CELL

THE CELL. Animal Cell. rough endoplasmic reticulum. nucleolus. Golgi apparatus. nuclear membrane. Golgi vesicle. nucleus. chromatin. smooth endoplasmic reticulum. nucleoplasm. ribosome. lysosome. vacuole. mitochondrion. cell membrane. centrioles. cytoplasm. Plant Cell. vacuole.

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THE CELL

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  1. THE CELL

  2. Animal Cell rough endoplasmic reticulum nucleolus Golgi apparatus nuclear membrane Golgi vesicle nucleus chromatin smooth endoplasmic reticulum nucleoplasm ribosome lysosome vacuole mitochondrion cell membrane centrioles cytoplasm

  3. Plant Cell vacuole chloroplast cell wall rough endoplasmic reticulum mitochondrion ribosome chromatin cell membrane nucleoplasm cytoplasm nucleolus

  4. Structures of a CellHow many do you remember?Close all books and notes : ) cell wall ribosomes cilia / flagellum nuclear membrane large vacuole cell membrane cytoskeleton cytoplasm small vacuole centrioles secretory vesicles nucleolus mitochondria lysosome Golgi apparatus chloroplast nucleoplasm (chromosomes) nuclear pores smooth endoplasmic reticulum rough endoplasmic reticulum

  5. ANIMAL CELL PLANT CELL

  6. Switch with a partner!Place a small checkmark next to the correct answers.Put their score out of 20 in the right hand corner. 1. 11. 2. 12. 3. 13. 4. 14. 5. 15. 6. 16. 7. 17. 8. 18. 9. 19. 10. 20. nucleolus ribosomes nucleoplasm (chromosomes) cytoskeleton nuclear pores cell membrane nuclear membrane cell wall small vacuole centrioles secretory vesicles large vacuole lysosome Golgi apparatus chloroplast mitochondria cilia / flagellum smooth endoplasmic reticulum cytoplasm rough endoplasmic reticulum

  7. VIDEO

  8. The Cell Membrane (also called Plasma Membrane) The cell membrane is made up of two layers of phospholipids. One Phospholipid Molecule • polar head (dissolve in water or soluble in water) • non polar tails (do not dissolve in water or insoluble in water) Therefore, the head is attracted to water and the tails are not attracted to water.

  9. The Cell Membrane Aside from phospholipids, the cell membrane also contains many other molecules such as carbohydrates and proteins. • protein channel - tunnels that allow water or specific small ions in/out of cell

  10. Fluid Mosaic Model of the Cell Membrane The cell membrane is a mosaic because it is made up of many pieces, just like a mosaic. It is fluid because of the phospholipid structure. carbohydrate integral protein peripheral protein phospholipid phopholipid bilayer fatty acid tails phosphate head • protein channel

  11. The Cell Membrane The plasma membrane regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

  12. General Structure of a Cell Cells are the basic structural and functional units of life. Cells are bathed in an aqueous solution called extracellular fluid. There are many different kinds of cells, which are specialized to carry out particular functions. In spite of this, cells have many common features. January 5, 2020 12

  13. both plant both ribosomes both

  14. both both rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) both animal

  15. both plant vacuoles both DNA/chromatin/chromosome both

  16. nucleus both both both both

  17. Organelles and Digestion There are several organelles involved in the process of digestion. Some vesicles formed in the Golgi apparatus are called lysosomes. Lysosomes are found only in animal cells. Lysosomes contain special proteins called enzymes which help them digest food by breaking it down into its building blocks. Food particles brought into the cell (through the cell membrane) from extracellular fluid may be digested this way. Potentially harmful microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses can force themselves into a cell. Lysosomes can digest the harmful organisms so the cell is not harmed. When an animal cell gets old, lysosomes break open and decompose the entire cell. The organism then uses the resulting compounds to build new cells.

  18. Organelles and Cellular Respiration There is one main organelle involved in the process of cellular respiration. Many important chemical reactions occur in the mitochondria. These reactions contribute to cellular respiration, a series of chemical changes that produce compounds that cells use as a source of energy. Cells that require large amounts of energy, such as muscle cells in animals and root tip cells in plants, usually contain large numbers of mitochondria. Cells that do not require large amounts of energy, such as most fat cells in animals and leaf cells in plants, have smaller numbers of mitochondria.

  19. Organelles and Protein Synthesis There are several organelles involved in the process of protein synthesis. Ribosomes are organelles used by the cell to produce proteins (protein synthesis). Ribosomes are either floating in the cytoplasm or attached to membranes (ER). Free-floating ribosomes produce proteins that are used inside the cell, and membrane-attached ribosomes manufacture proteins for use outside the cell. Ribosomes are so small that they appear as small fuzzy dots under the microscope. The endoplasmic reticulum is a complicated system of membranous tubes and canals that connect with the nuclear envelope. There are two types of endoplasmic reticulum: rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), containing attached ribosomes, and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER), with no ribosomes. Because the RER contains ribosomes, many proteins are manufactured in it.

  20. General Structure of a Cell Homework • page 15 # 2, 3, 4, 6

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