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The Cell

The Cell. Smallest unit of all living things Composed of organelles Each organelle performs specific jobs so the cell can do it’s job. Organelles Know location of and function of the following sructures. Mitochondria Golgi body Rough ER Smooth ER Ribosome C entrioles. Cell membrane

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The Cell

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  1. The Cell • Smallest unit of all living things • Composed of organelles • Each organelle performs specific jobs so the cell can do it’s job

  2. Organelles Know location of and function of the following sructures • Mitochondria • Golgi body • Rough ER • Smooth ER • Ribosome • Centrioles • Cell membrane • Nucleus • Chromatin • Nuclear envelope • Microvilli • Cytoplasm

  3. Plasma Membrane • The barrier surrounding each cell • Separates the cells contents from the surrounding environment • Is selectively permeable • This is the cells way of maintaining boundaries

  4. Structure of plasma membrane • Phospholipid bi-layer • Meaning two layers • Each layer consists of a lipid tail connected to a surface protein • The tails face each other, away from the external or internal environments

  5. Phospholipidbi-layer • Hydrophilic • The protein heads of each Phospholipid is water soluble • They are “water loving” • They are polar and interact well with other polar objects • Hydrophobic • The lipid tails are water insoluble • They are “water fearing” • They are non-polar

  6. Throughout the membrane you will find • 1. Proteins • a. Peripheral proteins act as binding sites or receptors • b. Integral proteins- proteins that span the membrane act as transport protein • c. Glycoprotein- act as markers, which allow your cells to be recognized as “self” cells • 2. cholesterol • Help to stabilize the plasma membrane

  7. Types of transport proteins • Channel Proteins • Passive movement of material through pores • Carrier proteins • Material binds to carrier proteins and is moved by the protein through the membrane

  8. Channel proteins • Use passive transport • Do NOT require energy • 1. diffusion- molecules move across membrane through pores along a concentration gradient (high to low) • 2. filtration-movement of water and other solutes from high to low concentration • Based on a hydrostatic pressure, water gradient which creates a pressure • Occurs in the kidneys

  9. Carrier proteins • Facilitated diffusion- • concentration gradient still needed • Protein carrier is used because molecules are too large to enter pores • Still passive transport, just needs help • No energy because it is using a gradient • Solute Pump (page 70, figure 3.10) • Moves molecules or ions too large to enter on own • Moves materials AGAINST a concentration gradient (usually) • REQUIRES ENERGY (active transport)

  10. Cells join to form tissue • Several junctions are present in order for the cells to continue doing their jobs, while communicating with adjacent cells all the while staying anchored to each other!

  11. Define the following terms and provide an example of where it occurs page 59 • Membrane junctions: • Tight junctions • Desmosomes • Gag junctions

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