A TREAT FOR MOSQUITEOS

1. A TREAT FOR MOSQUITEOS Prepared by PRIYA JHA KV RKPURAM SEC-2 NEW DELHI

3. Malaria is a communicable disease. • Malaria is caused by the Protozoa- Plasmodium vivax. • Malaria is transferred through mosquitoes-Female Anopheles • Through Blood Test report patient of the malaria can be identified. • Symptom of malaria is- Fever with Chills and Rigors. • Other diseases caused by mosquitoes are-Dengue, Chikungynia. • Malaria is commonly seen in rainy season • Mosquitoes breed( lay eggs) in water. • Larvae of mosquitoes can be checked by spreading kerosene oil on water.

4. Mosquito-borne Diseases

5. Mosquito-borne diseases Common mosquito-borne diseases Prevention of mosquito-borne diseases •Work of the Government • Personal Protection • Elimination of Mosquitoes

6. Common mosquito-borne diseases Malaria Dengue Fever

7. Malaria

8. Malaria- Introduction • Etiological agent • A group of malaria parasites • Principle vector • female Anopheline mosquito

9. Malaria– Mode of Transmission • When the mosquito bites a malaria patient, the mosquito becomes infected and will pass on the disease when it bites another person. • Malaria is not transmitted from person to person. • Malaria can be transmitted through contaminated blood transfusion, organ transplant, or shared needles or syringes. • It may also be transmitted from a mother to her foetus/newborn baby before or during delivery. 7-30 days later Infected mosquito Healthy person Infected person

10. Malaria– Signs and symptoms • Intermittent fever, chills, sweating, headache, tiredness, poor appetite and muscle pain. • In typical cases, the fever comes, then subsides for 1 to 3 days and then comes again in a cyclical pattern. • Complications include anaemia, liver and kidney failure, seizures, mental confusion, coma, and death if the disease is not treated promptly.

11. Malaria– Treatment • Consult a doctor for early diagnosis is crucial. • The doctor would prescribe a course of anti-malarial drugs with other supportive measures. • The patient should complete the whole course of medication to ensure clearance of the malaria parasites.

12. Malaria– Prevention • Recommendation from WHO： If you travel to areas where malaria is common, you should start taking the anti-malarial drugs two to three weeks before the trip, continue for four more weeks after leaving the malarious area. • From where I can obtain the anti-malarial drugs？ • Travel Health Centre, Department of Health

13. Malaria– Vaccination • There are no vaccines against malaria.

14. Prevention of mosquito-borne diseases Work of the Government To prevent mosquito-borne diseases effectively relies on the support and co-operation of both public and private sectors with the government.

15. Dengue Fever

16. Dengue Fever - Introduction Etiological agent Dengue viruses (DEN-1, DEN-2, DEN-3 and DEN-4) - flaviviruses Principal vector Aedes albopictus Aedes aegypti Source of photo: Food and Environmental Department

17. Dengue Fever – Habitual Behaviour of Aedes Albopictus Usually breed in stagnant water Usually active in dark or shaded places outdoors, but indoor activity is also possible Distance of flight：less than 100 meter Most active: 2 hours before sunset (5-6pm) and morning (8-9am) Source of photo: Food and Environmental Department

18. Dengue Fever – Mode of Transmission Infected mosquito Incubation Period: 3 to 14 daysMost commonly 4 to 7 days Healthy person Infected person Dengue fever is not spread by contact with infected persons.

19. Dengue Fever - Symptoms Fever: continuous for 3 to 7 days Severe headache Joint pain, muscle pain, pain behind eyeballs Nausea, vomiting, and rash In very rare cases, the condition may worsen into dengue haemorrhagic fever, leading to internal bleeding, shock, or even death.

20. Dengue Fever - Treatment At present, no specific drug that can treat dengue fever effectively. Patient should be isolated in a mosquito-free environment to prevent the spread of disease

21. Treatment (1) • Patients infected with classical dengue usually recovers in 1 to 2 weeks • For serious cases, supportive treatments are provided by hospitals • If you suspect that you have dengue fever, you should seek medical treatment promptly

22. Treatment (2) • For high fever, wipe the body with warm water and proper use of anti-fever drugs can relieve the fever • Don’t take aspirin-containing drugs because they worsen the haemorrhage

23. Dengue fever patient’s immunity • Immunity is gained against that serotype after recovery from its infection. However, no effective protection is conferred against infection by the other three serotypes. • If the patient is infected with the other three different serotypes, it will increase the risk of getting haemorrhagic fever.

24. Prevention of mosquito-borne diseases Personal Protection

25. Personal Protection The best protection is to avoid being bitten by mosquitoes by paying attention to the following: • Avoid staying in dark, outdoor places such as brushwood, pavilions, or the shade of a tree during the hours when Aedes albopictus is active.

26. Personal Protection • Avoid going out in the hours when Aedes albopicuts feed or wear light-coloured, long-sleeves clothing and trousers.

27. Personal Protection • Install mosquito nets to doors and windows so that mosquitoes can’t get in.

28. Personal Protection • Accommodation should have air-conditioners or mosquito nets • Hang mosquito screens around your bed • Use of mosquito coil

29. Personal ProtectionChoosing the insect repellents • DEET containing products, such as repellents, anti-mosquito patches and spray are generally most effective to avoid mosquito bites. • Citronella, Soybean oil and 3-[N-Butyl-N-acetyl]-aminopropionic acid containing products also have mosquito repellent effects. • Portable ultrasonic devices are less reliable when compared with DEET.

30. Prevention of mosquito-borne diseasesElimination of Mosquitoes The most effective way to eliminate mosquitoes is to： • Keep the environment clean. • Remove stagnant water so that mosquitoes can’t breed.

31. Possible Breeding Grounds of Aedes Albopictus (1) • Artificial containers: • Vases, saucers underneath flower pots, trays underneath air-conditioners, buckets jars and jugs of earthenware, cement troughs, dumped tyres and solid wastes such as cans, disposable cups and bowls, and plastic bags.

32. Possible Breeding Grounds of Aedes Albopictus (2) Natural containers: The hollow space inside a bamboo, hollows of a tree and the rachis of a leaf.

33. Elimination of Mosquitoes • Cover water containers tightly so that mosquitoes can’t get in to lay eggs.

34. Elimination of Mosquitoes • Dispose of domestic wastes, empty bottles, cans and lunch boxes properly into a covered binto prevent the accumulation of stagnant water.

35. Elimination of Mosquitoes • Change water for vases and aquatic plants at least once a week, leaving no water under the pots or in the bottom saucers. • Scrub the container surfaces thoroughly to prevent mosquito eggs sticking on them.

36. Elimination of Mosquitoes • Remove or puncture any dumped tyres to prevent the accumulation of stagnant water.

37. Elimination of Mosquitoes Keep ditches free from blockage.

38. Elimination of Mosquitoes Fill up uneven ground surfaces to prevent the accumulation of stagnant water.

39. Elimination of Mosquitoes • Remove stagnant water immediately if mosquitoes are found to be breeding. Use environmentally friendly insecticides such as lavicidal oil if necessary.

40. Elimination of Mosquitoes • In cultivation ponds, water tanks or large containers, biological controls such as keeping fishes to eat mosquito larvae would be a good option.

41. Mosquito Elimination Checklist (1) • Are containers and other items where water could accumulate disposed of properly? (For example, throwing empty cans, foam rubber boxes, cups and bottles into a covered bin) • Are water containers covered properly?

42. Mosquito Elimination Checklist (2) • Are ditches free from blockage？ • Are containers with stagnant water cleaned regularly？(For example, vases, saucers underneath flower pots, water storage device of an air-conditioner, water tanks and pools） • Are uneven ground surfaces filled to prevent the accumulation of stagnant water？

43. Seek medical consultation immediately • Having been bitten by a mosquito and displaying symptoms afterwards • Falling ill, especially having a fever within one month after you have returned from abroad

44. Elimination of mosquito is the most effective prevention strategy Let’s remove stagnant water and eliminate mosquitoes

45. TEACHER ORIENTATED • Prevention and Precaution From Mosquitoes Born Diseases

46. STUDENTS ORIENTED Observation and Reporting, Identification and Classification, Discovery of Facts

47. CONCEPT DETAILS • Awareness about diseases spread from Mosquitoes • Prevention and precaution from Mosquitoes born diseases. • Biography of Dr Ronald Ross • Diseases can be Identified from Blood Report

48. ACTIVITIES • Is there any stagnant water in your locality ? • Survey around the school building • -Observe mosquito larva in the stagnant water using hand lens • Do you find more mosquitoes in stagnant water? Is there any way to reduce the mosquitoes in water? Have you heard of malaria? In which season do you find more people getting ill with malaria? • Discussion • -Signs/ Symptoms of malaria and its prevention • -Spraying disinfectants/kerosene near the pools of water to stop breeding of mosquitoes • -Writing letter to the municipal authorities about the unhygienic surroundings in your area • - Asks the child to get any clinical report, read and analyse the report • Visual Clips • -Diseases spread through house flies • (Visual Clips to be shown) • -List out the food item rich in iron • -Conduct quiz about the diseases, symptoms, scientists and their discoveries and inventions. • -preparing a poster to create awareness about malaria

49. INSTANT DIAGNOSIS QUESTIONS • Do you have seen the patient of Malaria? • In which areas mosquitoes born diseases can be seen very easily? • How can you prevent from these diseases?

50. HOME ASSIGNEMENTS SUBJECT- EVS CLASS- VA CHAPTER-A TREAT FOR MOSQUITOES: 1) Choose the correct answer to fill in the blanks. Female anopheles, stagnant, microscope, anaemia, larvae, flies, blood, algae, iron, Haemoglobin, bad air, Ronald Ross, enlarges, Nobel Prize, Cinchona. a) The _____________ has to be tested to find out the patient has malaria or not. b) Blood is observed under the _____________. c) Lack of haemoglobin in blood causes _____________. d) The young ones of mosquitoes (baby mosquitoes) called __________. e) _____________ spread many diseases especially stomach problems. f) Mosquitoes lay eggs in _____________ water. g) ___________________ spread Malaria. h) _____________ found that mosquitoes spread Malaria. i) Malaria means _____________. j) Microscope is an instrument which _____________ the image of things thousand times bigger. k) Ronald Ross got the highest award _____________ for his discovery. l) Jaggery, Amla and green leafy vegetables are rich in _____________. m) _____________ increases in our blood if we eat iron rich food. n) In olden days people used the bark of the _____________ tree to make a medicine for Malaria. o) Very small green plants that are found around the watery spots are called_____________________. 2).Answer the following questions. a) How does a person get Malaria? b) How does a person know if he is suffering from Malaria? (or) How can you find out if someone has Malaria? c) What is a Microscope? d) What is anaemia? e) What are baby mosquitoes called? f) Where are the larvae of mosquitoes commonly seen? g) For what discovery was Ronal Ross awarded the Nobel Prize? h) Name two diseases caused due to flies? 3)Long answer questions a) What are the diseases that spread by mosquitoes? b) What measures have to be taken to protect ourselves from mosquitoes? c) What should we eat to increase haemoglobin or iron in the blood? (or) How can you prevent anaemia? d) In which season is Malaria more common? Why? e) Why does the government advise people to put kerosene oil in the water coolers and on stagnant water during the rainy season? f) What are algae? Where and when are they commonly seen? g) What are the effects of anaemia on children?