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Basic Computer Concepts Software. Software: can be divided into:. Ø. systems software or system programs applications software or application programs. v v. Types of Computer Software. Ø. Software: Systems and Applications. * Property of STI Page 1 of 18. Basic Computer Concepts

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  1. BasicComputerConcepts Software Software:canbedividedinto: Ø systemssoftwareorsystemprograms applicationssoftwareorapplication programs v v TypesofComputerSoftware Ø Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page1of18

  2. BasicComputerConcepts Functionsofan OperatingSystem OperatingSystems Ø v v collectionofsystemprogramsandroutines thatresideinthecomputer’smemory functions: •Scheduleinputandoutputoperations •Scheduleworkofjobsaccordingto priority •Communicatewiththehumanoperator •Handleinterruptionsandmonitor systemstatus •Logthejobsthatarefinishedand currentlybeingexecuted •Controlsystemaccessanddata securityfunctions •Facilitateinlocatinganddebugging errors •Handlemultiprogramming,sothat severalprogramscanrunatthesame time Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page2of18

  3. BasicComputerConcepts Functionsofan OperatingSystem OperatingSystems Ø v v v storedinasecondarystoragedeviceknown asasystemresidencedevice intheearlydayswhenmagnetictape drivesarestillusedasstoragedevices, operatingsystemsthatarestoredin magnetictapesarecalledTapeOperating Systems iftheoperatingsystemisstoredina magneticdiskitiscalledaDiskOperating System(DOS) ResidentStorageDevice Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page3of18

  4. BasicComputerConcepts Structureofan OperatingSystem Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page4of18

  5. BasicComputerConcepts ProgramsthatMakeUp anOperatingSystem v v ControlPrograms-managetheoverall systemoperationsandperformtaskssuch asscheduling,input/outputhandling, monitoringofsystemstatusand communicationwiththeprogrammer •SupervisorProgram •Input/OutputControlSystem ServicePrograms-aresubprogramsor routinesthatarefrequentlyusedbythe programmer •LanguageTranslatorPrograms •LibrarianPrograms •UtilityPrograms •DiagnosticPrograms Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page5of18

  6. BasicComputerConcepts SurveyofanOperating System MS-DOS TheWindowsFamilyofOperating Systems •Windows1.0,2.0,3.1and3.11 •WindowsNTandWindows2000 •Windows95,98,MEandXP UNIXandLinux v v v Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page6of18

  7. BasicComputerConcepts SurveyofanOperating System What’sthebest-sellingoperatingsystem? MicrosoftWindowsisbeingusedonover80 percentoftheworld’spersonalcomputers. Windowshasevolvedthroughseveralversions, sinceitsintroduction. Ø Ø Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page7of18

  8. BasicComputerConcepts SurveyofanOperating System Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page8of18

  9. BasicComputerConcepts SurveyofanOperating System What’sthebest-sellingoperatingsystem? Windows95,Windows98,WindowsMEand WindowsXPprovidebasicnetworking capabilities,makingthemappropriatefor smallnetworksinhomesandbusinesses. WindowsNT,Windows2000,andWindowsXP Professionalaretypicallyclassifiedasserver operatingsystems. Ø Ø Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page9of18

  10. BasicComputerConcepts SurveyofanOperating System IsMacOSsimilartoWindows? Bothoperatingsystemsbasetheiruser interfacesonthegraphicalmodelthatwas originatedatXeroxPARC. BothMacandWindowsinterfacesuseamouse topointandclickvariousiconsandmenus. Bothalsoprovidebasicnetworking capabilities. Thoughtheselectionisnotasvastasthe collectionofWindows,acollectionofsoftware isavailableforcomputersthatrunMacOS. Ø Ø Ø Ø Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page10of18

  11. BasicComputerConcepts SurveyofanOperating System AreUNIXandLinuxthesame? UNIXgainedagoodreputationforits dependabilityinmulti-userenvironments. ManyversionsofUNIXbecameavailablefor mainframesandmicrocomputers. Linuxisdistributedunderthetermsofa GeneralPublicLicense(GPL),allowing everyonetomakecopiesfortheirownuse,to giveothers,ortosell. Ø Ø Ø Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page11of18

  12. BasicComputerConcepts SurveyofanOperating System AreUNIXandLinuxthesame? Linuxsharesseveraltechnicalfeatureswith UNIX. Linuxisconsideredtobeapopularoperating systemfore-mail,web-serversandlocalarea networks. Linuxhasbeengainingpopularityasadesktop operatingsystem. Ø Ø Ø Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page12of18

  13. BasicComputerConcepts SurveyofanOperating System WhydoIkeephearingaboutDOS? DOSwasthefirstoperatingsystemandits crypticcommand-lineuserinterfaceleftan indelibleimpression. TheremnantsofDOSstilllingerintheworldof personalcomputers,becauseitprovidespart oftheoperatingsystemkernelforWindows versions3.1,95,98andME. UsersrarelyinteractwithDOS,becauseitis wellhiddenbytheWindowsgraphicaluser interface. DOSisnothingmorethanfootnotesinthe historyofthecomputerindustry. Ø Ø Ø Ø Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page13of18

  14. BasicComputerConcepts ApplicationSoftware AnOverviewofApplicationSoftware WordProcessing Ø atermusedinmanipulatingtextorwords inafile v Basicfeatures: vinserttext Ø deletetext cutandpaste copy pagesizeandmargins searchandreplace wordwrap Print v v v v v v v Advancedfeatures: Ø filemanagement fontspecifications footnotesandcross-references graphics headers,footers,andpagenumbering layout merges spellchecker tablesofcontentsandindexes thesaurus windows WYSIWYG v v v v v v v v v v v v Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page14of18

  15. BasicComputerConcepts ApplicationSoftware MicrosoftWord Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page15of18

  16. BasicComputerConcepts ApplicationSoftware Spreadsheet Ø v v computerprogramsespeciallydesignedto displayinformationgraphicallyandallow filesanddatatobemanipulatedeasily anelectronicledgersheetonwhichdata areentered MSExcelSpreadsheetProgram Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page16of18

  17. BasicComputerConcepts ApplicationSoftware DatabaseManagement Ø applicationsoftwarepackagesthat computerizetheeverydaytaskof recording,processing,filing,and manipulationofinformationinthe database Database:acollectionofinformation organizedinsuchawaythatacomputer programcanquicklyselectdesiredpieces ofinformation(ordata);likeanelectronic filingsystem v v Basic features: Ø Toaddordeleteinformationwithinafile Tosearchafileforsomeinformationbased onsomecriteria Toupdateinformationfromwithinafile Tosortinformationintosomeorder Togenerateaprintoutorreports v v v v v Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page17of18

  18. BasicComputerConcepts ApplicationSoftware GraphicsSoftwarePackages Ø designedtoallowtheusertodisplay imagesonacomputermonitorortoprint theimagesonaprinter v Examplesofgraphicapplications: Ø paintprograms illustration/designprograms presentationgraphicssoftware animationsoftware CADsoftware desktoppublishing v v v v v v Software:SystemsandApplications *PropertyofSTI Page18of18

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