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Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Local Oscillator

Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Local Oscillator. V.P. Koshelets , S.V. Shitov, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, L.V.Filippenko, O.V. Koryukin, A.S. Sobolev, M.Yu. Torgashin Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IREE), Moscow, Russia

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Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Local Oscillator

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  1. Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Local Oscillator V.P. Koshelets, S.V. Shitov, P.N. Dmitriev, A.B. Ermakov, L.V.Filippenko, O.V. Koryukin, A.S. Sobolev, M.Yu. Torgashin Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (IREE), Moscow, Russia T. de Graauw, W. Luinge, R. Hoogeveen, P. Yagoubov National Institute for Space Research (SRON), the Netherlands Björkliden, Sweden

  2. Integrated Submillimeter and Terahertz Receivers with Superconducting Local OscillatorOutline ·       Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) – Introduction ·        SIR - State of Art ·        FFO Phase Locking; Phase Noise ·        SIR with Phase Locked FFO – First Implementation ·        TErahertz LImb Sounder (TELIS) ·        Optimization of the FFO for TELIS ·        1 THz SIR - Prospects and Limitations ·        Conclusion Björkliden, Sweden

  3. Block Diagram of Superconducting Integrated Receiver Björkliden, Sweden

  4. Integrated Submm Wave Receiver • Single chip SIS receivers with superconducting FFO has been studied at frequencies from 100 to 700 GHz • A DSB receiver noise temperature as low as 90 K has been achieved at 500 GHz • 9-pixel Imaging Array Receiver has been successfully tested • Phase Locking (PLL) up to 700 GHz POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS • Airborne Receiver for Atmospheric Research and Environmental Monitoring; Radio Astronomy • Large Imaging Array Receiver • Laboratory General Purpose MM & subMM Wave Receiver Björkliden, Sweden

  5. LO feeder (4 μm wide microstrip line) Antenna tuner Antenna - 1 LO injector (1 μm wide /4 microstrip line) SIS junction 1 μm x1 μm DC bias/IF output & control line for Josephson noise suppression Antenna - 2 Antenna tuner Integrated Receiver Microcircuits 20 m Björkliden, Sweden

  6. Replaceable Module of the 500 GHz Imaging Array Superconducting Integrated Receiver Björkliden, Sweden

  7. Nine-pixel Imaging Array Receiver Block. Björkliden, Sweden

  8. Antenna Beam Pattern of the SIR Björkliden, Sweden

  9. SIR Noise Temperature Björkliden, Sweden

  10. Flux Flow Oscillator Björkliden, Sweden

  11. FFO frequency 265 GHz 437 GHz 570 GHz 670 GHz FFO + SIS; Frequency Control Björkliden, Sweden

  12. FFO + SIS; Power Control Björkliden, Sweden

  13. Circuit for FFO LinewidthStudy & PL Björkliden, Sweden

  14. Example of FFO Spectrum Björkliden, Sweden

  15. Spectra of the FFO at 707.45 GHz Björkliden, Sweden

  16. Down-convertedspectrum of the FFO phase locked at 707.5 GHz Björkliden, Sweden

  17. Phase Noise of the PL FFO Björkliden, Sweden

  18. 9 10 11 12 13 14 26 27 15 28 1 16 2 17 3 18 4 19 5 20 6 7 8 21 22 23 24 25 Microcircuit of the superconducting integrated receiver with phase-locked Josephson oscillator.The chip size is 4 mm by 4 mm. Björkliden, Sweden

  19. Spectral Resolution of the SIR With Phase-locked FFO Björkliden, Sweden

  20. Spectral line of SO2 at 326.867 GHzdetected by SIR with phased-locked FFO and processed by AOS Björkliden, Sweden

  21. TELIS • Acronym:TErahertz LImb Sounder • Balloon instrument on board the MIPAS gondola, IMK Karlsruhe • Threeindependent frequency channels, cryogenic heterodyne receivers: • 500 GHz by RAL • 500-650 GHz by SRON-IREE • 1.8 THz by DLR (PI) Björkliden, Sweden

  22. TELIS Objectives • Measure many species (together with MIPAS-B), for atmospheric science • Serve as a test platform for new sensors • Serve as validation tool for future satellite missions Björkliden, Sweden

  23. Example of the Atmospheric Spectrum Björkliden, Sweden

  24. TELIS-SIR Main Parameters Björkliden, Sweden

  25. Spectral Ratio of the PL FFO vs free running FFO linewidth Björkliden, Sweden

  26. FFO Linewidth: Dependenceon Frequency and Current Density Björkliden, Sweden

  27. Flux Flow Oscillator RdB = V/ IBRdCL = VFFO/ICL Björkliden, Sweden

  28. RdCL as a function of Rd Björkliden, Sweden

  29. Normalized FFO Linewidth Björkliden, Sweden

  30. Normalized FFO Linewidth Björkliden, Sweden

  31. FFO Linewidth on (Rd + RdCL) Björkliden, Sweden

  32. FFO Linewidth (Design issue) Björkliden, Sweden

  33. Free-running FFO linewidth and spectral ratio of the PL FFO as a function of the FFO frequency Björkliden, Sweden

  34. 1 THz Nb-AlOx-Nb SIS-mixer with Double-dipole Antenna and NbTiN/SiO2/Al Tuning Microstrip Björkliden, Sweden

  35. Double-dipole SIS Mixer with NbTiN/Al Tuner Björkliden, Sweden

  36. Nb-AlN-Nb Junctions for THz SIR:Jc = 8 and 19 kA/cm2 Björkliden, Sweden

  37. Nb-AlN-Nb Junctions for THz SIR: Jc = 70 and 210 kA/cm2 Björkliden, Sweden

  38. Submicron Nb-AlN-Nb junction:S = 0.03 2; Jc = 21 kA/cm2; Rj/Rn = 14 EBL + CMP Björkliden, Sweden

  39. Nb-AlN-NbN Junctions Björkliden, Sweden

  40. IVCs of the Nb-AlN-NbN FFO, measured at different H Björkliden, Sweden

  41. Spectra of the Nb-AlN-NbN FFOat 597 GHz, f = 3.5 MHz; SR = 70% Björkliden, Sweden

  42. THz SIR – Possible Implementations FFO Mixer • NbN-MgO/AlN-NbN NbN-MgO/AlN-NbN Vg up to 6 mV (1.5 THz) PLO 2 (1 W at 1 THz) • NbN-MgO/AlN-NbN Phonon Cooled NbN HEB PLO0.1 W ( independent) TR  700 K at 1.5 THz • Stacked NbN-MgO-NbN Phonon Cooled NbN HEB frequency up to 3 THz Björkliden, Sweden

  43. Conclusion • Optimization of of a Nb-AlOx-Nb Flux-Flow Oscillator design along with a development of the wide-band PLL system allow us to realize a FFO phase locking to a reference oscillator in the frequency range from 250 to 715 GHz. The measured absolute FFO phase noise is as low as –93dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset below the 450GHz carrier. This fits the requirements for most practical applications. • The first implementation of a Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) with phased locked FFO has been tested with a resolution better than 10 kHz. The phased locked SIR has been tested successfully as a laboratory spectrometer. This study provides an important input for future development of a balloon-based 500-650 GHz integrated receiver for the Terahertz Limb Sounder (TELIS) scheduled to fly in 2005-2006. • Receiver DSB noise temperature below 300 K has been achieved in the frequency range 850-970 GHz. Phase locking of a FFO with NbN electrodes has been demonstrated. Possible implementations of a SIR for operation at frequencies above 1 THz have been proposed. Björkliden, Sweden

  44. SRON-IREE and RAL Receivers Björkliden, Sweden

  45. Concepts of a SIR with PL FFO Björkliden, Sweden

  46. Ratio of PL and total FFO power Eff. PLL BW (MHz) FFO LW (MHz) Björkliden, Sweden

  47. Optimization of the HM operation Björkliden, Sweden

  48. Optimization of the HM operation:dependence on HM voltage Björkliden, Sweden

  49. Optimization of the HM operation:dependence on synthesizer power Björkliden, Sweden

  50. Optimization of the HM operation:dependence on PLL Gain Björkliden, Sweden

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