Animal Science/Dairy Science 434

1. Animal Science/Dairy Science 434 Reproductive Physiology Lecture 1: Introduction, Female Anatomy

2. How do you interpret this image?

3. Potential Ways To Interpret Image • Direct Observation • Looking into each other’s eyes • Touching • Physiological changes • Heart rates increasing • Increased blood flow to reproductive organs • Vagina, Clitoris, Uterus (enhanced by estrogen) • Erection of penis, contractions of epididymis

4. Instructor • John J. Parrish • 714 Animal Science • parrish@ansci.wisc.edu • 263-4324

5. Laboratories • Tuesday, Wednesday • Room 128 or 134 Animal Science • 3:30 - 5:30 • may last until 6:00 so plan appropriately

6. Text (Required) • Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition - Second Revised Edition • P.L. Senger • UW Bookstore • Library (not on reserve)

7. Web Page http://www.wisc.edu/ansci_repro/ • Syllabus (lecture, lab and exam schedule, grading) • Lecture Outlines and Handouts • Labs • Project Information

8. 434 Web Site Modifications • Updates may occur daily. • Lecture outlines and labs are currently for last year • Fall 2006 lecture updates are usually done by 8:15 the day of lecture (no guarantee) • Lab material will be updated by the time of Tuesday’s lecture.

9. Lecture 1 Female Reproductive Tract Anatomy

10. Learning Objectives • To be able to describe the female reproductive system in cattle. • Structure • Function

11. Male Stallion Female Mare Equine - Horse

12. Female Cow Bovine - Cattle Male Bull

13. Male Ram Female Ewe Ovine - Sheep

14. Male Boar Female Sow Porcine - Swine - Pig

15. Male Rooster Female Hen Avian - Chicken

16. Uterine Body Uterine Horn Uterine Horn Ovary Ovary Oviduct Oviduct Cervix Bladder Vagina Urethra Clitoris Vulva

17. Rectum Uterus Vulva Ovary Vagina Pelvis Bladder Cervix Oviduct Broad Ligament

18. Broad Ligament • connective tissue sheet which supports and suspends the reproductive tract

19. Broad Ligament mesometrium mesovarium mesosalpinx

20. Ovary - Primary Sex Organ • Functions • Hormonal • Estrogen • Progesterone • Female gamete • Oocyte

21. Follicle Corpus Luteum Corpus Luteum Progesterone Progesterone Ovary - Estrogen, Oocyte

22. Germinal Epithelium Cortex Medulla Tunica Albuginea Blood and lymphatic Vessels & nerves } Hilus Ovary 85% of Ovarian Cancers

23. Ruptured follicle (ovulation) Tertiary follicle Primary follicle Egg nest Tertiary follicle Secondary follicle Corpus hemorrhagicum Corpus albicans Corpus luteum Atretic follicle

24. Primordial Follicle Primary Follicle Secondary follicle Tertiary follicle • Flattened cells surround oocyte Nucleus Ooplasma • Increase in size of oocyte andheight of follicular cells Follicular Cells Oocyte • Surrounded by severallayers of follicular cells • Follicle forms a fluidfilled cavity • Differentiation of cell layersin the follicle wall Antrum Follicle Cells

25. Theca Externa Theca Interna Basement Membrane Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Tertiary Follicle Antrum (Follicular Fluid)

26. Tertiary Follicle Theca Interna Granulosa Oocyte Cumulus Oophorus Antrum

27. Follicular Blood Supply Theca interna cells Basement Membrane Granulosa cells Capillary network Follicular fluid

28. Secondary Sex Organ: A Series of Tubes to Convey the Oocyte/Embryo/Fetus to the Outside Serosa Submucosa Longitudinal smooth muscle layer Lumen Circular smooth muscle layer Mucosa Muscularis

29. Functions of Oviduct • Gamete Transport • Sperm • Oocyte • Supports early embryo development • Transport of embryo to uterus

30. Isthmus Utero-Tubal Junction Ampullary-Isthmic Junction Ampulla Infundibulum (20 - 30 cm2) Ostium Fimbria Uterine Horn Oviduct Cumulus Oophorus and Oocyte Ovary Follicle

31. Oviduct Ampulla Mesosalpinx Isthmus UT Junction Uterine Horn

32. Oviduct Histology Mucosa • Ciliated Columnar • Nonciliated Columnar

33. Functions of the Uterus • Muscle contractions • Transport sperm • Expel fetus and placenta • Absorption and phagocytosis • Partially prepares sperm for fertilization • capacitation • Provides environment for embryo and fetal growth • Hormone production • Prostaglandin F2a production

34. horn Uterus (bovine) body • Bicornuate • poorly to moderately developed uterine horns • uterine body • one cervix cervix

35. Caruncles

36. Uterine Histology Endometrium Endometrial Glands Perimetrium Myometrium

37. Uterine Histology Mucosa Endometrial Gland Endometrium Submucosa Myometrium Perimetrium

38. Functions of the Cervix • Transport of sperm • Barrier to sperm (species dependent) • Reservoir for sperm • Blocking bacterial invasion during pregnancy • Birth canal

39. Internal Cervical Os External Cervical Os COW Uterine Body • Cervix is composed of thick connective tissue • Mucus is secreted near the time of breeding and ovulation. Cervix Cow has 4-5 annular rings Vagina

40. Cervix COW Internal Os Cervical Ring Cervical Ring Fornix Fornix External Os Fornix EWE Anterior Vagina Anterior Vagina

41. Functions of the Vagina • Copulatory organ • Glands secrete lubrication • Birth canal • Glands secrete pheromones

42. Posterior Vagina (Vestibule) Fornix Vulva-Vaginal Sphincter Mucosa Vagina Anterior Vagina Cervix Stratified Squamous Epithelium Columnar Epithelium Urethra Submucosa Submucosa

43. Posterior Vaginal Histology Stratified Squamous Epithelium Mucosa Submucosa

44. Function of External Genitalia • Labia • Closes entrance to vagina • Clitoris • Female sensory organ

45. External Genitalia of the Cow Anus Vulva Labia Clitoris Labia

46. Phenomena For Fertility • vagina dentata - a vagina with teeth • female bedbug - no vagina • hysterectomy - if woman went to long without becoming pregnant then uterus would wonder in body causing hysteria and other distresses • hyena - clitoris is very large and looks like the male penis; female also has a false scrotum (labia); female is the dominate sex and produces more testosterone than male