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US GOVERNMENT

US GOVERNMENT. TEST #1. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT?. The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies. THREE KINDS OF POWER. Legislative – makes law or frames public policies Executive – executes, enforces and administers laws

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US GOVERNMENT

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  1. US GOVERNMENT TEST #1

  2. WHAT IS GOVERNMENT? The institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.

  3. THREE KINDS OF POWER Legislative – makes law or frames public policies Executive – executes, enforces and administers laws Judicial – interprets laws and settles disputes

  4. CONSTITUTION • Plan of government, body of fundamental laws setting out principles, structures and processes of government.

  5. DICTATORSHIP – POWER BY ONE OR SMALL GROUP DEMOCRACY – POWER RESTS WITH THE PEOPLE

  6. ORIGINS OF DEMOCRACY GREECE – Athenian direct democracy ROME – Republic with indirect or representative democracy

  7. THE STATE A body of people, living in a defined territory, organized politically and with power to make and enforce law with the consent of any higher authority

  8. ENLIGHTENMENT THINKERS Thomas Hobbes – Leviathan Jean Jacques Rousseau – The Social Contract John Locke – Two Treatises of Government Charles-Louis de Montesquieu – The Spirit of Laws Francois-Marie Voltaire - Encyclopedie

  9. HOBBES Government exists to prevent chaos “State of Nature” – Hurricane Katrina

  10. Rousseau Man is basically good, society corrupts him Education

  11. LOCKE Natural Rights – Life, Liberty and Property Right to govern comes from the consent of the people The right to rebel against an unjust government

  12. MONTESQUIEU Three branches of government Separation of powers “checks and balances”

  13. VOLTAIRE Religious tolerance Faith leads to fanaticism& savagery Deist

  14. Religious Conflicts that probably influenced Voltaire Crusades – Christians v. Muslims over Holy Land Inquisition – Church court punished heretics Thirty Years’ War – Protestants v. Catholics

  15. Attacks on Abortion Clinics & Doctors

  16. Iran – Stoning girls to death for “adultery”

  17. Hamas in Palestine

  18. Voltaire supported idea of “Enlightened Despots” Distrusts democracy – the masses are stupid Frederick the Great – said he was 1st servant of the state instead of saying “I am the state”

  19. PURPOSE OF GOVERNMENTPREAMBLE Form a more perfect union – a union creates strength Establish justice – the law must be reasonable, fair and impartial Insure domestic tranquility – keeping peace at home Provide common defense – protection from others Promote general welfare – serve its citizens (water, transportation, education, etc.) Secure blessings of liberty – freedoms for the individual

  20. FEDERAL GOVERNMENT • Division of power • Local – city, county, town • State • Central

  21. CONFEDERATION • European Union – best example today • Central government has limited power most of the power lies with the state governments

  22. PRESIDENTIAL VS. PARLIAMENTARY Elected President Prime Minister (executive) chosen by the legislature or the party in power in the legislature

  23. FOUNDATIONS OF DEMOCRACY Worth and dignity of the individual Equality for all Majority rule but minority rights Compromise Personal/individual freedom

  24. FREE ENTERPRISE Capitalism– supply and demand Mixed economy – private and public

  25. ORIGINS OF U.S. GOVERNMENT • The Magna Carta – King John • Trial by jury • Due process • Limited the power of the Monarch – not absolute • Petition of Rights – Charles I • Imprisonment based on laws • No quartering • No martial law • King must obey the law • English Bill of Rights – William and Mary • Fair trial • No excessive bail • No cruel and unusual punishment • Right to petition king

  26. COLONIAL GOVERNMENTS Charter – written grant by the King to establish a colony Bi-cameral and uni-cameral legislatures

  27. FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR • Salutary Neglect • Increase taxation • The Albany Plan of Union • 7 Northern Colonies • Discussion of trade problems and Indian attacks • Ben Franklin proposes and annual Congress of Delegates meeting of all colonies – power to raise troops, regulate trade, tax, etc.

  28. FIRST CONTINENTAL CONGRESS 1774 – All colonies have representatives except GA Sent a “declaration of rights” to King George Called for an embargo against Britain

  29. SECOND CONTINENTAL CONGRESS After the battles of Lexington and Concord Continental Army is created – George Washington as commander Thomas Jefferson – Declaration of Independence

  30. STATE CONSTITUTIONS • Each state had one • Common features • Popular sovereignty • Limited government • Separation of powers – “checks and balances” • Civil rights and liberties

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