1 / 18

Cancer Breast

Cancer Breast . * Epidemiology:. The most common malignant tumor in female. Accounts for 32% of all female cancer.

elliot
Download Presentation

Cancer Breast

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Cancer Breast

  2. * Epidemiology: • The most common malignant tumor in female. • Accounts for 32% of all female cancer. • Age:Breast cancer is rarely found before the age of 25 years except in certain familial cases. The incidence rises throughout a woman's lifetime. 75% of cases occur in women over 50 years of age. The average age at diagnosis is 64 years.

  3. * Risk factors for cancer breast: 1. Estrogen Exposure: • Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy slightly increases the risk of breast cancer. • Oral contraceptives are unlikely to increase the risk of breast cancer specially if combined estrogen and progesterone. • Reducing endogenous estrogens by oophorectomy decreases the risk of developing breast cancer by up to 75%.

  4. 2. Radiation Exposure: • Women who have been exposed to therapeutic radiation or radiation after atom bomb exposure have a higher rate of breast cancer. • Risk increases with younger age and higher radiation doses. • Modern mammographic screening uses low doses of radiation and is unlikely to have an effect on the risk of breast cancer.

  5. 3. Carcinoma of the Contralateral Breast or Endometrium:Increased risk is associated with carcinoma of the contralateral breast or endometrium, probably owing to the share hormonal risk factors for these tumors. • 4. Obesity: There is increased risk in postmenopausal obese women, which is attributed to synthesis of estrogens in fat depots.

  6. 5. Diet: - Alcohol consumption confers an increased risk of breast cancer. Higher estrogen levels and lower folate levels associated with alcohol consumption may be mechanisms underlying this association.

  7. 6. Exercise:Studies have been inconsistent, but some have shown a decreased risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women who exercise. • 7. Breast-Feeding:The longer women breast-feed, the greater is the reduction in the risk of breast cancer. The lower incidence of breast cancer in developing countries may be largely explained by the more frequent and longer nursing of infants.

  8. * Sites: • Upper outer quadrant (50%). • Central area (20%). • Rest of the breast (30%). • The left breast is affected slightly more than the right. • Bilaterality in 4-10% of cases.

  9. Normal breast

  10. * Classification of cancer breast: I. Ductal carcinoma (carcinoma arising from the mammary ducts) “90%”: • Intraduct carcinoma. • Infiltrating duct carcinoma. II. Lobular carcinoma (carcinoma arising from the mammary lobules) “10%”: • Lobular carcinoma in situ. • Infiltrating lobular carcinoma.

  11. Ductal carcinoma

  12. Intraduct carcinoma (DCIS) • Is the pre-invasive stage of infiltrating duct carcinoma * Morphological features: * Grossly: • In most cases, no mass is detected. • In other cases, a small slowly growing, hard mass causing bloody or serous nipple discharge. C/S: dilated ducts filled with papillary structures (papillary intraduct carcinoma) or plugs of pasty-like yellowish necrotic tissue which can be extruded upon light pressure (comedocarcinoma).

  13. * Microscopically:The ducts are dilated and filled with malignant cells with intact basement membranes. Different types: 1. Papillary type:the malignant cells are arranged in papillary structures. 2. Cribriform types:the malignant cells are arranged in anastomosing cords. 3. Solid type:the malignant cells occlude the duct lumen completely. 4. Comedo type (the worst prognosis):necrosis of the cells located in the center of the ducts appears red, granular with spots of calcification.

  14. DCIS Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) 1. Solid type* 2. Cribiform type 3. Papillary type 4. Comedo type*

  15. DCIS, comedo type

  16. infiltrating duct carcinoma Includes different types; 1. Infiltrating duct carcinoma NST “No special type”. 2. Special types: • Medullary carcinoma. • Mucinous “colloid” carcinoma. • Invasive duct carcinoma with Paget's disease.

  17. Infiltrating duct carcinoma NST “No special type. • The commonest type (65%-80%) of all mammary carcinomas. * Grossly: • Mass; ill-defined, hard “schirrous”, of variable size with infiltrative border, fixed to the surrounding tissue. C/S: concave (retracted) with gritty sensation on cutting through. Shows areas of hemorrhage, necrosis and calcification. • The covering skin shows: • Nipple retraction. • Peaud’orange. • Ulceration (tumor fungation).

  18. Nipple retraction and pea d’orange

More Related