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Regional Air Quality & Airport Impacts

Regional Air Quality & Airport Impacts. Association of California Airports Annual Conference September 16-18, 2009. Larry Greene Executive Director/ Air Pollution Control Officer. Our District Mission.

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Regional Air Quality & Airport Impacts

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  1. Regional Air Quality & Airport Impacts Association of California Airports Annual Conference September 16-18, 2009 Larry Greene Executive Director/ Air Pollution Control Officer

  2. Our District Mission “Achieve clean air goals by leading the region in protecting public health and the environment through innovative and effective programs, dedicated staff, community involvement and public education.”

  3. Air pollution kills people • Lung Disease/Toxic effects/Heart attacks • Air pollution hurts the most vulnerable • Asthma (children) • Shortens the life of the elderly • Air pollution effects our economy • Secondary effects and quality of life Health Effects – We know

  4. Haze Greenhouse Gases – (CO2, Methane) Air Pollutants of Concern Toxics Diesel particles, Benzene, Chromium, Asbestos Particulates (NOx, SOx, ROG, Ammonia) Ozone (ROG + NOx)

  5. - Federal EPA - planes, trains, automobiles, large industrial sources, national standards. Federal Clean Air Act -California Air Resources Board - vehicles, fuels, consumer products, area sources, air toxic control measures. California Clean Air Act. - Local districts – permit industrial sources, inspect, respond to complaints, agricultural burning, asbestos, CEQA review, public education. District rules/Board resolutions resolutions/Policies Federal/State/Local

  6. District Background

  7. 35 Local Air Agencies Work for local Boards of Directors Unique focus on local air quality and issues

  8. Federal Ozone Non-attainment Area 120 miles

  9. NOX + VOC+Sunlight = 0zone + Summer Ground-level Ozone (smog) We’re Geographically-Challenged

  10. Winter Particulate Pollution We’re Geographically-Challenged Emissions + low wind + cold temperatures = High Particulate levels

  11. Air Quality Trends - OzoneConcentrations, 1980 - 2008 1 hour* 35% improvement 8 hour 16% improvement *2008 data adjusted for proposed exceptional events due to wildfires.

  12. Regional Emissions

  13. Current Sacramento Regional NOx – 167 TPD

  14. Current Sacramento Regional VOC – 136 TPD

  15. Emission Source Equivalents 1 TPD of VOC and NOx (Year 2019) 135 Commercial Jet LTOs 200,000 cars* 18,000 HD trucks 72 Locomotives (NOx only) 310 Gas Stations** (VOC only) * Base on average vehicle fleet mix ** No additional controls after 2005

  16. Regional Airports • Sacramento International Airport (SMF) • > 72,000 LTOs • McClellan Airfield (MCC) • > 5000 LTOs • Mather Airport (MHR) • > 50,000 LTOs • Sacramento Executive Airport (SAC) • > 67,000 LTOS • Franklin Field (F72) • > 18,000 LTOs

  17. Airport Operations (LTOs)

  18. Airport Emissions (VOC & NOx) Source: CARB 2009 Almanac (2008 Emissions) for aircraft & GSE by county and using ratio of LTOs from FAA 5010 report (downloaded Aug 27, 2009)

  19. Airport Emissions (Particulate) Source: CARB 2009 Almanac (2008 Emissions) for aircraft & GSE by county and using ratio of LTOs from FAA 5010 report (downloaded Aug 27, 2009)

  20. Airport Emissions (CO2) Source: Estimated using BAAQMD 2007 GHG CO2 estimates for Aircraft in San Mateo & Alameda Counties (Source of Inventory of Bay Area Greenhouse Gas Emissions, Dec 2008)

  21. Airport Emissions (CO) Source: CARB 2009 Almanac (2008 Emissions) for aircraft & GSE by county and using ratio of LTOs from FAA 5010 report (downloaded Aug 27, 2009)

  22. Airport Pb (Lead) Emissions • Major sources • Industrial sources • Smelters • Boilers • Waste incinerators • Glass & cement manufacturing • General aviation (45 % national lead emissions) • Gasoline (Avgas) Source: http://www.epa.gov/otaq/aviation.htm, Lead Emissions from the Use of Leaded Aviation Gasoline in the United States (PDF) (82 pp, 2.5MB, October 2008, EPA-420-R-08-020)

  23. Pb (Lead) Standard • EPA strengthens NAAQS – October 15, 2008 • Reduced from 1.5 ug/m3 to 0.15 ug/m3 • Scientific evidence expanded dramatically since the 1970s • Over 6000 new studies on lead health effects • Children highly vulnerable to effects from lead • Exposure linked to effects on IQ, learning, memory and behavior • Revision will yield substantial benefits • $3.7 – $6.9 billion expected increase in lifetime earnings as a result of avoiding IQ loss

  24. Pb (Lead) Standard • Improve existing monitoring network • Require monitoring in areas with sources that emit > 1tpy • Urban areas with populations greater more than 500,000 • EPA reconsiders ambient monitoring requirements – July 22, 2009 • Additional monitoring near sources • Review monitoring requirements for urban areas • Revised monitoring requirements expected late summer 2009 will discuss general aviation airports • EPA expects to issue final rule Oct 2009

  25. Toxics • Airports provide multiple sources of pollution • Aircraft, ground equipment, facilities, vehicle traffic • Studies raise concern about air toxics from airports • Chicago O’Hare (2000) • TF Green Airport, Warwick, RI (2005-2006) • Teterboro Airport, New Jersey (2006) • LAX Study by UCLA/CARB (2005-2006) • Pollutants of concern • Organics • Acetaldehyde, Acrolein, Benzene, Toluene, Formaldehyde, Naphthalene, 1,3 Butadiene, PAHs • In-organics & Metals • Arsenic, Beryllium, Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Manganese, Nickel, and Zinc • More research needed • Ongoing efforts to identify, evaluate and reduce risk

  26. Major Projects Sacramento International Master PlanMather Field Master Plan

  27. Sacramento International Airport • Environmental Impact Report • California Environmental Quality Act (CEQA) • Assessment of Air Quality Impacts • Individual technical analyses • emissions inventories • dispersion modeling • analysis of potential CO “hot spots” • human health risk assessment • Applicability analyses • NOx emission were predicted to exceed the CEQA significance threshold and required mitigation

  28. General Conformity • Clean Air Act - federal departments may not engage, support, fund, or approve any activity that does not conform to an approved SIP. • Applies to non-attainment area pollutants • Ozone (NOx, VOC), PM10 • PM2.5 (under new standard) • Examples: • leasing of federal land, • private construction on federal land, • airport construction and expansions, • reuse of military bases, and • construction of federal office buildings • Airport emissions inventory included in SIPs.

  29. Master Plan Mitigation • Construction Emissions • Standard Construction Mitigation: • Construction must meet a 20% NOx and 45% PM10 emissions reduction compared to the CARB fleet average. • Exhaust cannot exceed 40% opacity for more than 3 minutes 1 hour period. • Off-site mitigation fee paid for NOx emissions that exceeded 85 pounds/day threshold: • Received credit for implementing Standard Construction Mitigation. • ERCs used to offset a portion of the off-site mitigation fee.

  30. Master Plan Mitigation • Operational Emissions • Expand use of low emission technologies when purchasing new mobile equipment and constructing terminal facilities • Specific Examples in the Mitigation Monitoring and Reporting Plan: • Electric charging stations for Ground Service Equipment (GSE) • Gate furnished A/C and power for aircraft • Low emitting buses for on-site travel • Solar-energy cells for electricity • Hydrant fueling system to reduce fuel truck trips

  31. Sacramento County Airport Systems Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs) • Four past ERC applications: • Modification to jet fueling delivery system (2005) • Modernization of shuttle bus fleet (2006) • Modification to air bridges to reduce the use of APUs on aircraft (2007) • Electrification of some ground support equipment (2006)

  32. Jet Fuel Delivery System • Jet fuel pipeline eliminated the need to truck jet fuel • 3.96 tons/year of NOx ERCs were generated for years 2006 - 2010 • ERCs were issued for a 10 – year life per SCAS request • ERCs are adjusted down over the credit life to reflect new lower state and federal emission standards for trucks: • 1.7 tons/year of NOx ERCs were generated for years 2011 - 2015 • ERCs enforced through permit conditions in the Permit to Operate for the new fueling terminal • SCAS and company supplying fuel jointly hold permit • ERCs have been surrendered for CEQA mitigation

  33. Shuttle Bus Modernization • Replaced 12 diesel and 12 natural gas shuttle buses • ERC issued for a 10 – year life per SCAS request • 0.5 tons/year of NOx and 0.1 tons/year of PM10 emissions credits generated (years 2007 – 2015) • ERCs adjusted down over the credit life to reflect new lower state and federal emission standards for trucks: • 0.4 tons/year of NOx and 0.06 tons/year of PM10 emissions credits were generated (year 2016) • 0.2 tons/year of NOx and 0.03 tons/year of PM10 emissions credits were generated (year 2017) • ERCs enforced by conditions in the ERC certificate • ERCs surrendered for CEQA mitigation

  34. Electrification of Air Bridges&Ground Support Equipment • Both ERC applications were withdrawn by SCAS • Electrification of Air Bridges ERC application did not meet the enforceability requirements • Did not agree to require that airlines use the electrification at all times • Airlines did not want to take conditions to use electrified equipment at all times • Emission reductions from ground support equipment could not be quantified due to lack of records

  35. Mather Field Master Plan • Environmental Review and Assessment • Sacramento County Department of Environmental Review and Assessment (DERA) • Received approval from BOS, June 2007 • Entered agreement with Camp Dresser & McKee Inc. (CDM) for preparation of the Mather Airport Master Plan Environmental Assessment and California Environmental Quality Act technical studies • Environmental Assessment (EA) • Will be prepared to meet federal NEPA requirements • Environmental Impact Report (EIR) • Will be prepared to meet State CEQA requirements • Reports expected to be published in the Summer 2010

  36. Contacts • Air Resources Board • John Taylor, Air Quality & Transportation • (916) 445-8699 - jtaylor@arb.ca.gov • James Lerner, Transportation Analysis • (916) 322-6007 - jlerner@arb.ca.gov • Sacramento Metropolitan AQMD • Brigette Tollstrup, Program Coordination • (916) 874-4832 – btollstrup@airquality.org • Aleta Kennard, Emission Reduction Credits (ERCs) • (916) 874-4833 – akennard@airquality.org • Charles Anderson, Plan Coordination/CEQA • (916) 874-4831 – canderson@airquality.org

  37. Questions?

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