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The Importance of Safe Migration for Taiwan as a Recipient Country

The Importance of Safe Migration for Taiwan as a Recipient Country. Ching-lung Tsay, Ph.D. Professor Institute of Asian Studies Tamkang University Taipei, Taiwan. CAPAS, Academia Sinica, Taipei Saturday, 25 Step. 2010. Outline. I. Introduction

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The Importance of Safe Migration for Taiwan as a Recipient Country

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  1. The Importance of Safe Migration for Taiwan as a Recipient Country Ching-lung Tsay, Ph.D. Professor Institute of Asian Studies Tamkang University Taipei, Taiwan CAPAS, Academia Sinica, Taipei Saturday, 25 Step. 2010

  2. Outline I. Introduction II. Process and Outcomes of Migration: Conceptual Issues III. Southeast Asian Workers in Taiwan and Characteristics of Indonesian Workers IV. Risk and Problems of Working in Taiwan V. Concluding Remarks

  3. I. Introduction • Migrant Workers (esp: Indonesians) • Disadvantageous (vs. employer, agents, and the authorities) • Support from NGOs +Governments • Concern from Indonesian students and Professionals

  4. II. Conceptual Framework Process and Outcomes of Migration destination Natives adjustment uprooting Migrants Migrants Migrants effect of migration origin (Selectivity) Stayers Stayers Departure Arrival Observation

  5. II. Conceptual Framework FRAMEWORK FOR IMMIGRANT EXPERIENCE Conditions, Status, and Experience in Home Country Reasons for Leaving Home Country — Push & Pull Transition to Country of Immigration — Emigration & Immigration Response to Immigration Process — Immigrant’s Resources & Readiness for Acceptance Adjustment to Receiving Country’s Lifestyle & Culture Implications for Human Services

  6. II. Conceptual Framework • 2 dimensional changes (location and time) 2.Migrant Selectivity and Migrant Adjustment 3.Expected Migration Gains E(Gains)=P(Yd –Yo) –Cost 1-P=risk 4.Realization of Expected Gains

  7. II. Conceptual Framework 5.Effect of Migration (Economically better off) 6.Discrimination in the labors market in receiving country (=natives) 7.Contract workers (No risk of being unemployed ﹔Only risk in maladjustment unsafe migration)

  8. IIIA. Growth and Changes in Structure 1.1992 Employment Service Act (1989) 2. 1994 150,000 2008 365,000 2000 326,500 2009 351,000 2005 327,400 2010/7 370,700 3.Indonesian (150, 767) replaced Thailand as the lead –Vietnam and Philippines (800,000 each), Thais:64,342 4.Indonesia: rapid increase in % female (highest since -2000) 5.Construction → Manufactacturing → Care Services (Population Ageing)

  9. IIIA. Growth and Changes in Structure

  10. IIIA. Growth and Changes in Structure

  11. IIIA. Growth and Changes in Structure

  12. IIIB. Industrial Structure 1.Indonesia very diff. from others. ● care services (close to 90%), Manuf. (<10%) ● Thai, Phili, Vietnam (Manuf.> Services) esp. Thais+ Philippines ● Changes in % working in care services = changes in % female workers 2.Sector of care Services providers is the least protected sector. 3.Indonesian workers are overall most vulnerable (?)

  13. IIIB. Industrial StructureIndustrial Structure of Foreign Workers by Nationality

  14. IIIB. Industrial StructureIndustrial Structure of Indonesian Workers

  15. Indonesian Workers and their Carees 15

  16. IV(A). Risk and Problems 1.Number of Crime (Cases and Persons) and Number (Ratio) of occupational Injuries did not increase significantly (ratio of injuries: 7.8%→5.8% →6.7%) H.H.Service workers not covered by Labor Insurance 2.Crime rate of Indonesian workers is lowest among 4 countries. 3.Indonesians (along with Vietnamese) have high rates of missing contract workers due to high % working in H.H. care service sector. 4.Place of stay is place of work. The HH sector is not regulated by the Labor Stranded Law.

  17. IV(A). Risk and ProblemsNumbers of Cases and Number of Foreign Workers Committed Crimes by Classification

  18. IV(A). Risk and ProblemsOccupational Injuries of the Foreign Workers under Labor Insurance

  19. IV(A). Risk and ProblemsNumber and Rate of Foreign Workers Committed Crimes by Nationality

  20. IV(A). Risk and Problems

  21. IV(B). Risk and Problems ● Limited understanding of labor contract (conditions and rights) ● Long working (and/or waiting) hours (waiting to be called to work is “working” or “resting”) ● Need to do Household work, to share bed room with caree (necessary for the job?)

  22. Working and Living Conditions of Indonesian and Vietnamese Caretakers in Taiwan

  23. Working and Living Conditions of Indonesia and Vietnamese Caretakers in Taiwan

  24. Working and Living Conditions of Indonesia and Vietnamese Caretakers in Taiwan

  25. V. Concluding Remarks 1.Safe Migration for .workers – salute expected migrant gains .Employers – get job done (at the lowest possible cost →could cause “problems”) 2.Recipient Country Get projects done (and profits) ”Problems” → loss of training cost ”Problems” → social cost ”Problems” → international reputations 3.Economically better off (vs. assimilation) 4.Absolutely Safe vs. Relatively Safe

  26. V. Concluding Remarks • Contract Workers • Agr. And Fishing-------------------Labor Manufacturing---------------------- S. D. • Construction------------------------ Law • Service • Caretakers Institutions---- • Households • H.H. Maids

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