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Immediacy in the Classroom:

Explore the concept of immediacy in the classroom, including nonverbal and verbal behaviors that foster student engagement and connection with professors. Learn research findings on the positive and negative impacts of immediacy and get practical advice on integrating it into your teaching approach. Discover how enhancing immediacy can positively impact student evaluations, motivation, and learning outcomes.

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Immediacy in the Classroom:

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  1. Immediacy in the Classroom: Research and Practical Implications Kelly A. Rocca Presentation at the “Student Motivations and Attitudes: The Role of the Affective Domain in Geoscience Learning” conference, Northfield, MN February 12, 2007

  2. Immediacy in the Classroom: Research and Practical Implications What is “Immediacy?” *The perception of physical and psychological closeness between communicators (specifically, between students and their professors) *Social psychologist Albert Mehrabian coined the term in 1971 as a “principle of immediacy” *Principle: “People are drawn toward persons and things they like, evaluate highly, and prefer; and they avoid or move away from things they dislike, evaluate negatively, or do not prefer.”

  3. Immediacy in the Classroom: Research and Practical Implications Nonverbal Immediacy Behaviors: *Gestures *Vocal Variety *Smiling at students *Relaxed body posture *Moving around classroom *Speaking with outline only *Removal of barriers *Appropriate touch *Professional casual dress

  4. Immediacy in the Classroom: Research and Practical Implications Verbal Immediacy Behaviors: *Calling students by name *Use of Inclusive pronouns *Unrelated small talk *Feedback to students *Asking for student feedback *Use of own first name

  5. Immediacy in the Classroom: Research and Practical Implications Research Findings on Immediacy - Positive Relationships: *Affect toward professor and affective learning *Cognitive learning *Competence, caring, trustworthiness perceptions *Higher student evaluations *State motivation *Homophily – attitude and background *Interpersonal attraction – social, task, physical *Assertiveness and responsiveness *Attendance and participation *Out-of-class communication

  6. Immediacy in the Classroom: Research and Practical Implications Research Findings on Immediacy - Negative Relationships: *Verbal aggression *Student resistance *Distance education (decrease in immediacy)

  7. Immediacy in the Classroom: Research and Practical Implications Advice on Integrating Immediacy into YOUR Classroom: *Add one behavior at a time *Increase the frequency of each behavior gradually *May need to decrease at times for credibility *Only use what you’re comfortable with *Remember all of the positive relationships with affect-related variables

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