Ch.14 Groups and Teams

1. Ch.14 Groups and Teams 任維廉 教授 2014

2. 綱要 14.1 Groups and Group Development 14.2 Work Group Performance and Satisfaction 14.3 Turning Groups into Effective Teams 14.4 Current Challenges in Managing Teams 2 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

3. 14.1 Groups • Group: two or more interacting and interdependent individuals who come together to achieve specific goals. • Formal groups • Work groups defined by the organization’s structure that have designated work assignments and tasks. • Informal groups • Groups that are independently formed to meet the social needs of their members. • e.g. facebook 社團，竹友同學會…… 3 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

4. Exhibit 13-1: Examples of Formal Work Groups

5. Five StagesofGroupDevelopment 1. Forming: people join the group and then define the group’s purpose, structure, and leadership 2. Storming: characterized by intragroup conflict 3. Norming: characterized by close relationships and cohesiveness. 4. Performing: group is fully functional and works on group task. 5. Adjourning: group members are concerned with wrapping up activities rather than task performance. 瞭解並接受彼此差異，同理心，開放，包容，雙向、支持性溝通。 5 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

6. 14.2 GroupStructure • Role • behavior patterns expected of someone occupying a given position in a social unit. • Norms • standards or expectations that are accepted and shared by a group’s members. • Conformity (Groupthink) • when a group exerts extensive pressure on an individual to align his or her opinion with that of others. 6 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

7. Examples of Asch’s Cardse.g., 電擊實驗

8. GroupStructure (cont.) • Status • a prestige grading, position, or rank within a group. e.g. cook vs. waitress. • Social loafing • the tendency for individuals to expend less effort when working collectively than when working individually. • Group cohesiveness • the degree to which group members are attracted to one another and share the group’s goals. 8 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

9. Group Performance/Satisfaction Model

10. Group Cohesiveness and Productivity

11. Creative Group Decision Making

12. ConflictManagement • Conflict • perceived incompatible differences that result in interference or opposition. • Traditional view of conflict • the view that all conflict is bad and must be avoided. • Human relations view of conflict • the view that conflict is a natural and inevitable outcome in any group • Interactionist view of conflict • the view that some conflict is necessary for a group to perform effectively. 12 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

13. ConflictManagement (cont.) • Functional conflicts • conflicts that support a group’s goals and improve its performance. • Dysfunctional conflicts • conflicts that prevent a group from achieving its goals. 13 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

14. ConflictManagement (cont.) • Task conflict • conflicts over content and goals of the work. • Relationship conflict • conflict based on interpersonal relationships. • Process conflict • conflict over how work gets done. 14 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

15. Conflict and Group Performance 15

16. Conflict-Management Techniques 16

17. 14.3WhatIs a Work Team? • Work teams • groups whose members work intensely on a specific, common goal using their positive synergy, individual and mutual accountability, and complementary skills. 17 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

18. TypesofWorkTeams • Problem-solving team • a team from the same department or functional area that’s involved in efforts to improve work activities or to solve specific problems. • Self-managed work team • a type of work team that operates without a manager and is responsible for a complete work process or segment. 18 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

19. Types of Work Teams (cont.) • Cross-functional team • a work team composed of individuals from various functional specialties. • Virtual team • a type of work team that uses technology to link physically dispersed members in order to achieve a common goal. 19 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

20. AdvantagesofUsingTeams • Teams outperform individuals. • Teams provide a way to better use employee talents. • Teams are more flexible and responsive. • Teams can be quickly assembled, deployed, refocused, and disbanded. 20 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

21. Groups Versus Teams

22. CharacteristicsofEffectiveTeams Have a clear understanding of their goals Have competent members with relevant technical and interpersonal skills Exhibit high mutualtrust in the character and integrity of their members Are unified in their commitment to team goals Have good communication systems Possess effective negotiating skills Have appropriate leadership Have both internally and externally supportive environments 22 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

23. WorkTeam 之管理意涵 • 若團隊成員間有高度人際關係連結，則更容易達成群體目標，也更願意在一起相處 • 當人們需要他人來幫助、以便完成工作時， 他們傾向選擇友善的同事，而非能幹的。 23 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授

24. 14.4 Current Challenges in Managing Teams 1. Global Teams • Group Member Resources in Global Teams - managers need to clearly understand the cultural characteristics of group members • Group Processes - multicultural global team is better able to capitalize on the diversity of ideas

25. Global Teams

26. 2. Building Team Skills • Star performers with poor team skills. People don’t automatically know how to be an effective team member. • 飛機失事在偏遠山區，Rank-order the most important items. You individually, with a group, compare against experts.哪一個罪更嚴重？跨團隊合作攀岩。 • Managers’ role: coach, developing team members more collaborative. Not everyone is a team player or can learn to be a team player. Put them work individually.

27. 3. Understanding Social Networks • The patterns of informal connections among individuals within groups. • The Importance of Social Networks:Relationships can help or hinder team effectiveness. Relationships improve team goal attainment and increase member commitment to the team.

28. 作業  1~2. Case study: a manager’s dilemma (p. 442, 468) (1) Identify and articulate business problems (2) Gather and analyze information applicable (3) Identify and apply an appropriate tool for solving problems. 3. Thinking critically about ethics (p. 462) (1) Identifies Dilemma. (2) Considers Stakeholders (3) Analyzes Alternatives and Consequences

29. 4. Developing your coaching power skill (p. 463) 5. Team exercise (p. 463) 6. Internet-based exercise (p. 463~464): (1) “Five Stages of Group Development“ 能解釋你參加過的 社團？ (2) “Conflict-Management Techniques”, “creating effective work teams”.

30. 回顧 1. Define groups and the 5 stages of group development. 2. Describe the major components that determine group performance and satisfaction. 3. Define teams and best practices influencing team performance. 4. Discuss contemporary issues in managing teams.

31. TermstoKnow • Groupthink (Conformity) • Conflict management • Cross-functional team • Social loafing • Group Cohesiveness 31 交通大學管理學院 任維廉教授