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Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch By M. Carl Tshamala Supe

Simulation and Control implications of a High Temperature Modular Reactor (HTMR) Cogeneration plant Nuclear Energy for power and Coal conversion to liquid fuel. Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch By M. Carl Tshamala

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Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch By M. Carl Tshamala Supe

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  1. Simulation and Control implications of a High Temperature Modular Reactor (HTMR) Cogeneration plantNuclear Energy for power and Coal conversion to liquid fuel Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering University of Stellenbosch Stellenbosch By M. Carl Tshamala Supervisor: RT Dobson

  2. Preamble For decades, fossil fuels have played significant role in power generation, transportation and most industrial applications. Since the ever-rising cost of dwindling fossil fuel resources and global polluting effects and consequences of their usage, special attention is required to control their consumption level. The control of fossil fuels consumption is globally seen as a potential solution to global warming and climate change on one side, and on the other side, it would allow the extension of the world fossil fuels reserves lasting period. Two possible solutions are highlighted for the matter • Substitute high-carbon fuels with low/no-carbon fuels • Produce and use energy more efficiently

  3. Content • World energy supply till 2100 • Thesis objectives • Chinese HTR-PM • HTMR Physical Layout • Once-through Helical Coil Steam generator and Heat pipe heat exchanger • Control Strategies • Simulation results • Discussion and conclusion • Recommendation for future work

  4. World actual and future energy scenario Main energy resources • Fossil fuels contribution • Nuclear • Renewables The implementation of the fossil fuels consumption reduction can be achieved by • Substitution of fossil fuel by other energy resources • Improvement of energy efficiency

  5. Substitution Efficiency improvement Efficiency improvement Cogeneration and/or Tri-generation • Transportation - Hydrogen carrier, - Nuclear energy • Power generation - Renewables - Nuclear energy

  6. Thesis objectives Simulation of a High Temperature Gas cooled nuclear reactor supplying heat for power generation and process heat for Coal Conversion to Liquid fuel. The High Temperature Modular Reactor HTMR is expected to generate 1500 MWthin form os superheated steam from which 240 MWth should be affected to the heat process while the remaining is used to generate electricity The simulation is run for a transient model increasing power from 20% load to full power in order to advise on the control strategies of the system.

  7. Chinese HTR-PM • Demonstration plant • Gas operating pressure 7 MPa • Inlet/Outlet temperatures 250/750℃ • Once-through helical coil steam generator

  8. HTMR Physical layout • Physical layout • Heat flow diagram

  9. Once-through Steam generator • Steam generator model • Heat pipe model

  10. Control strategies The control strategy of this model was suggested to be based on leading parameter such, • The reactor core temperature: Safety limit temp. 1600℃ • The reactor coolant gas in-and-outlet temperatures • The superheated steam delivery temperature Controlling the above parameters can be achieved using the following equations:

  11. Simulation Results

  12. Discussion & Conclusion The simulation results have shown a very high dependence of the system main parameters on the fluids mass flowrates. Therefore, it has been suggested that the mass flow rate of helium and feedwater be controlled for the “RATE OF INCREASE” and the “START” to produce the optimum results. The “START” is controlled by adding a timer to the system while the “RATE OF INCREASE” is controlled using a variable speed driver operating on the following principal

  13. A variable speed driver allows the control of mass flowrate by controlling MORE EFFICIENTLY the speed of the asynchronous motor driving the pump;

  14. Recommendations for future work Design the PID controller for the current system to be able to reduce as much as possible the deviations from the Simulation results to the steady state set operational conditions; Build and experimental system for the real time experiment

  15. Thanks • Myself for the strong mind • My supervisor and study leader Mr RT Dobson • My office mates Karl, Jacques and Ivan for their critical analysis • Mechanical and Mechatronics Department of Stellenbosch University’s STAFF • SAHPA • NRF

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