Social Protection Frameworks and Best Practices Michael Samson

1. Workshop on Shaping a Future Vision for Social Protection in Bangladesh27 October 2013 Pan Pacific Sonargaon, Dhaka Social Protection Frameworks and Best Practices Michael Samson Economic Policy Research Institute (EPRI) msamson@epri.org.za

2. Overview • Definitions and frameworks • Why social protection? • Best practices • Evidence-informed targeting • Developmental delivery systems • Governance • Social protection within an integrated developmental framework

3. Overview • Definitions and frameworks • Why social protection? • Best practices • Evidence-informed targeting • Developmental delivery systems • Governance • Social protection within an integrated developmental framework

4. What is social protection? ... a set of formal and informal interventions that aim to reduce social and economic risks, vulnerabilities and deprivations for all people and facilitate equitable growth

5. What is social protection? Social protection & Social services Social services Social protection Education Health Social justice Social assistance Social insurance Cash transfers Access to social services Social security Unemployment insurance Social rights Non-discrimination

6. Transformative Social Protection Transformation Social justice Promotion Economic opportunities Prevention Insurance mechanisms Protection Social assistance

7. Overview • Definitions and frameworks • Why social protection? • Best practices • Evidence-informed targeting • Developmental delivery systems • Governance • Social protection within an integrated developmental framework

8. Multi-dimensional impacts of social protection The case for social protection involves a wide-ranging spectrum of social and economic impacts.

10. High rates of return on SP result from the tendency in many countries to provide pre-school children with vital resources Heckman & Carneiro (2003) and Handa (2007)

11. Most social cash transfers buy mainly food SOURCE: EPRI (2004), IFPRI (2008), Vincent and Cull (2009)

12. Evidence from child benefit programs around the world document reductions in stunting

13. Causes of Child Malnutrition Child malnutrition, death and disability Outcomes Inadequate diet Immediate causes Disease Inadequate maternal and child-care practices Poor water, sanitation and health services Insufficient access to food Underlying causes at household level Adapted from The State of the World’s Children 1998 and Hoddinott (2012)

14. Causes of Child Malnutritionand how Social Protection tackles it Child malnutrition, death and disability Outcomes Inadequate diet Immediate causes Disease Inadequate maternal and child-care practices Poor water, sanitation and health services Insufficient access to food Underlying causes at household level Adapted from The State of the World’s Children 1998 and Hoddinott (2012) Social Protection

15. Likewise, world wide evidence from these programs around the world demonstrate increases in secondary school attendance

16. Successful “graduation” from BRAC’s ultra-poor programme SOURCE: Independent AusAID/DFID review team analysis of BRAC CFPR MIS data (2012)

17. Rural Employment Opportunities for Public Assets (REOPA) substantially increases household savings which in turn finances productive investment, leading to rapidly rising incomes savings

18. Rural Employment Opportunities for Public Assets (REOPA) substantially reduces poverty, halving the poverty gap of participant households, and reducing the severity of poverty even more

19. Overview • Definitions and frameworks • Why social protection? • Best practices • Evidence-informed targeting • Developmental delivery systems • Governance • Social protection within an integrated developmental framework

21. Developmental delivery systems

22. Political/ strategic leadership Socio-economic policy planning Governance Agriculture Social Welfare Education Health Delivery mechanism …

23. Overview • Definitions and frameworks • Why social protection? • Best practices • Evidence-informed targeting • Developmental delivery systems • Governance • Social protection within an integrated developmental framework

24. A developmental framework must be multi-sectoral—encompassing intra- and inter-sectoral linkages Integrated framework Health Access

25. Suppose the government invests one billion dollars in cash transfers now… Integrated framework Health Access +1

26. A return of a billion dollars in poverty reduction in the future represents a negative real rate of return Integrated framework Health Access +1 +1

27. Let’s start over… Integrated framework Health Access

28. Suppose the government invests one billion dollars in social health access now… Integrated framework Health Access +1

29. A return of a billion dollars in improved health in the future represents a negative real rate of return Integrated framework Health Access +1 +1

30. So, let’s consider multi-sectoral investments… Integrated framework Health Access

31. An investment of a billion dollars in both cash transfers and health insurance may yield… Integrated framework Health Access +1 +1

32. …much higher and very positive returns because of intra- and inter-sectoral linkages Integrated framework Health Access +1 +1 +2 +1 +2

33. And suppose we are even more ambitious… Integrated framework Health Access

34. Consider a range of integrated investments across the development planning spectrum… Integrated framework Health Access +1 +1 +1 +1

35. …may yield substantially higher returns over a longer horizon Integrated framework Health Access +1 +1 +1 +1 +3 +2 +2 +4 +3 +3

36. Multi-dimensional impacts of social protection

37. Multi-dimensional impacts of social protection • Impacts reinforce • each other • Poverty reduction • further develops • human capital • … further • improving • livelihoods • … bolstering risk • management • … reinforcing • resilience • …