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World History

World History. Chapter 2 Section 5 Roots of Judaism. Israelites . Monotheistic – belief in one god Hebrew – ancient Israelites God = all knowing, all powerful, present everywhere Torah – sacred text – record of events and laws

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World History

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  1. World History Chapter 2 Section 5 Roots of Judaism

  2. Israelites • Monotheistic – belief in one god • Hebrew – ancient Israelites • God = all knowing, all powerful, present everywhere • Torah – sacred text – record of events and laws • First five books of the bible – Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy • Hebrew Bible included 24 books

  3. Ancient Israelites • Abraham – lived in Ur in Mesopotamia • Migrated to Canaan with family • Father of the Israelite people • Covenant – binding agreement • Believed God made covenant with Abraham / Jewish people

  4. Two declarations: • 1)God declared special relationships with Abraham and his descendents • 2) Declared Canaan would belong to Israelites • Israelites migrated to Egypt and were enslaved • Moses – renewed God’s covenant with Israelites • Moses led them out of slavery – 40 yrs. In the wilderness – Moses died before they made it

  5. Kingdom of Israel • 1000 B.C. – Established Kingdom of Israel • Twelve separate tribes – fought • Joined by David – second king of Israel • Solomon – (David’s son) – turned Jerusalem into an impressive capital - wise

  6. Division and Conquest • Solomon’s projects cost money – taxed people • Led to revolt – split up Israel • Israel in North – Judah in South • Israel captured by the Assyrians and Judah captured by Babylonian’s • Nebuchadnezzar destroyed Solomon’s Great temple, forced Israelites into exile in Babylon for 50 years

  7. Persian Ruler Cyrus the Great – captured Babylon and freed the Israelites • Had come from the Kingdom of Judah – became known as the Jews • Rebuilt Solomon’s Great Temple – smaller version and remained under Persian rule

  8. Law and Morality • Law is a central concept of Israelites • Torah had many laws – called books of law • Dealt with everyday matters – cleanliness and food preparation, also criminal behavior

  9. Israelite Society • Patriarchal – men held greatest legal and moral authority • Oldest male was the head of household – arranged marriages for daughters • Women – few rights • Deborah – judge – won honor

  10. Ten Commandments • Set of laws given to them from God through Moses • Keeping the Sabbath – holy day • Honoring parents, no killing, no stealing • Prophets – spiritual leaders that interpret God’s will – warned that failure would lead to disaster • Ethics – moral standards of behavior – taught by prophets

  11. All people equal before God • Ruler was not seen as a God – leaders were human and had to obey God’s laws • After Babylonian captivity – 500 years period – left homeland and moved to different parts of the world • Called Diaspora – spreading out of Jews

  12. Settled in close-knit communities in which they followed and obeyed laws and traditions • Helped them survive/endure centuries of persecution – unfair treatment • Today Judaism = Major Religion – influenced Christianity and Islam • All honor Abraham, Moses, prophets

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