The 1850s:

1. The 1850s: Road to Secession Chapter 19 EU: In the early 19th century, Americans sought to resolve their political disputes through compromise, yet by 1860 this no longer seemed possible. Analyze the reasons for this change. (2005 B DBQ)

2. Problems of Sectional Balancein 1850 • California statehood. • Southern “fire-eaters” threateningsecession. • Underground RR & fugitive slave issues: • Personal liberty laws • Prigg v. Pennsylvania (1842) state runaway slave laws were unconstitutional, federal law supersedes all state laws.

3. HarrietBeecherStowe(1811 – 1896) So this is the lady who started the Civil War. -- Abraham Lincoln

4. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 • Sold 300,000 copies inthe first year. • 2 million in a decade! • Response to F.S.L. • Increased abolitionist support • Europe now pro-abolition

5. The Impending Crisis of the South • 1854 Hinton Helper – non-slave owning whites were most hurt by slavery.

6. The “Know-Nothings” [The American Party] • Nativists. • Anti-Catholics. • Anti-immigrants • Anti-Republican. 1849 - Secret Order of the Star-Spangled Banner created in NYC.

7. 1852 Presidential Election Franklin Pierce (NH) Expansionist Japan – trade Gadsden Purchase Cuba, Nicaragua. Ostend Manifesto created fear in North re: “slave power” Winfield Scott (Whig) Southern Whigs refused support b/c party was anti-slavery.

8. Kansas-Nebraska Act, 1854

9. “Bleeding Kansas” 1855 Border “Ruffians”(pro-slavery Missourians) Fraudulent elections lead to 2 governments S – Shawnee Mission N – Topeka (Pierce rec. S) Applied for statehood 1857 as Free State

10. Lecompton Constitution - 1857 Vote on constitution for Kansas with slavery or without – did not vote on the constitution itself. Clause within constitution that protected slavery, so no matter the vote Kansas would have slavery. Free-Soilers boycotted. Slavery won…. Shocking! Supported by President Buchanan Opposed by Sen. Douglas People went back to vote on whole constitution – Free Soilers won, Democrats split (Northern pro-south V. Northern Free Soilers)

11. “The Crime Against Kansas” 1856 North hailed Sumner as hero & victim South hailed Brooks as hero & defender of South! *Reflected social tension Congr. Preston Brooks(D-SC) Sen. Charles Sumner(R-MA)

12. John Brown: Madman, Hero or Martyr? Mural in the Kansas Capitol buildingby John Steuart Curry (20c) 1856 killed 5 slavery advocates – Effects: 1. Bad reputation for Free-Soilers, Southerners fight back.

13. Birth of the Republican Party, 1854 • Northern Whigs. • Northern Democrats. • Free-Soilers. • Know-Nothings. • Other miscellaneous opponents of the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

14. 1856 Presidential Election √James Buchanan John C. Frémont Millard Fillmore Democrat Republican Know-Nothings Popular Sovereignty Anti-Slavery South threatens secession if Fremont wins => financial markets backing Buchanan (don’t want to lose money)

15. 1856Election Results

16. Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857 March 1857 – Supreme Court only has 2 northern judges. Scott was “property” not citizen, therefore he could not sue. Property is protected under the 5th Amendment therefore he can be taken anywhere as a slave. Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional. (MO out due to Kansas-Nebraska Act 1854)

17. What caused thePanic of 1857?? • CA gold rush – inflation • Land & RR speculation • Increased demand for grains abroad – overproduction • Tariff of 1857 • Effects: • Demand for free land out west • 5000 businesses fail in one month • North hit hard • South is fine • Against Homestead Act (free land) • Industrialists – feared labor drain • Southerners – 160 acres is too small – only Northerners would benefit • Buchanan vetoes Homestead Act => 1860 campaign issues: protection and land!

18. The Lincoln-Douglas (Illinois Senate) Debates, 1858 A House divided against itself, cannot stand.

19. Stephen Douglas & the Freeport Doctrine Supreme Court protects slavery, but people vote it down; who is right? People are right, Douglas defies Supreme Court Lincoln – moral victory

20. John Brown’s Raidon Harper’s Ferry, 1859

21. √Abraham LincolnRepublican John BellConstitutional Union 1860PresidentialElection Free-Soilers – non-extension Manufacturers – pro-tariff Immigrant rights NW RR Internal Improvements Free farms No stand on slavery Stephen A. DouglasN Democrat Popular Sovereignty! John C. BreckinridgeSouthern Democrat Pro-slavery in new territories Annexation of Cuba

22. 1860 Election: A Nation Coming Apart?!

23. 1860 Election Results Lincoln is minority President S.C. used this as excuse to secede , 4 days after election called special session.

24. Crittenden Compromise:A Last Ditch Appeal to Sanity No slavery north of 36 30’ line, but protected in the South. Lincoln said no, it would go against his campaign promise and could lead to the South being more aggressive in Latin America Senator John J. Crittenden(Know-Nothing-KY)

25. Secession!: SC -Dec. 20, 1860

26. Fort Sumter: April 12, 1861

27. APUSH TOP 10 LIST From 1800-1860 pick the most important 10-12 events that led to the Civil War. These are YOUR OPINION! Once you pick your items place them in chronological order and look for cause and effect Lastly, create a countdown from 10-1 of YOUR MOST IMPORTANT EVENTS. Please given a BRIEF explanation for each. Think David Letterman’s Top 10 List!