Introduction to Communication

1. Introduction to Communication Lecture 3: Perception in Human Communication

2. Learning Objectives • This chapter covers the way perceive people and events and how you can make these perceptions more accurate: • The stages of perception • Perceptual Processes • Increasing Accuracy in Perception

3. The Stages of Perception • Perception is the process by which you become aware of objects, events, and especially people through senses: • Sight • Smell • Taste • Touch • Hearing

4. I. The Stages of Perception (Cont’) • Interpersonal Perception • A continuous series of processes that blend into one another • Sense, pick up some kind of stimulation • Organize the stimuli in some way • Interpret and evaluate what perceive • Store perception in memory • Retrieve it when needed

5. 1. Stimulation • First stage of perception • Hear new music • See a friend • Smell perfume • Taste an orange • Sweaty palm • You don’t perceive everything, unless you adopt selective perception.

6. Stimulation (Cont’) • In the selective perception: • Selective attention • E.g. Focuses on name, dress, symbol or icon • Selective exposure • E.g. Expose information that you just bought

7. 2. Organization • Organization by rules • Physical closeness and perceived people based on who are often together • Similarity: perceive people in similarity (e.g. Stay same building, jobs, the same accent) • Contrast (can be people or messages): conclusion of the movie, speech, or ending of people jobs.

8. Organization (Cont’) • Organization by Schemata • Information or experience and viewed as general ideas. (Japanese, rappers) (Stereotyping) • Organization by script • Script general idea focuses on action, event, procedure • Restaurant procedure • Behave in Interview • Laundry

9. 3. Interpretation - Evaluation • Subjective and influenced: • Experience • Needs • Wants • Behaviour

10. 4. Memory • Perception and their interpretation will store into memory. • Football players, singers, and so forth

11. 5. Recall • Recall your memory that you store to get information for some purposes • Speech • Discussion • Chit chat and so forth

12. II. Perceptual Process(Implicit Personality Theory) • Carlo is energetic, eager, and (Intelligent, stupid) • Kim is bold, defiant, and (Extrovert, Introvert) • Ava is attractive, intelligent, and (likeable, unlikeable) • Susan is cheerful, positive, and (outgoing, shy) • Angel is handsome, tall, and (Friendly, unfriendly)

13. The Self-fulfilling prophecy • Occurs when you make a prediction that comes true • Can make a prediction and can read the other perception clearly and widely (Pygmalion effect)

14. Primary – Recency effects • Primary effects – First impression about experience that just starts • Recency effects – Last impression or conclusion about the experience

15. Attribution • Process by which we try to explain the reason or motivation for a person’s behaviour. • E.g. Late at dinner R1. I am late due to got dinner with my friends R2. I have got accident R3. I help people on street and take to hospital

16. III. Increasing Accuracy in Perception • Analyze perception through control emotional and physical • Avoid early conclusion • Perception checking - through friends, news, or ask others • Reduce your uncertainty

17. Cultural perception • Cultural differences • Aesthetics – colours, music, dancers, handshaking

18. Thank you...................