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Warm-Up

Warm-Up. Monday Nov. 5, 2012 List the two components that make up the “backbone "of DNA. Warm- Up. Tuesday Nov. 6, 2012 Define translation in your own words. Protein Synthesis. Objectives. 1.Define the term protein synthesis 2.Relate translation to the process of protein synthesis

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Warm-Up

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  1. Warm-Up • Monday Nov. 5, 2012 • List the two components that make up the “backbone "of DNA.

  2. Warm- Up • Tuesday Nov. 6, 2012 • Define translation in your own words.

  3. Protein Synthesis

  4. Objectives 1.Define the term protein synthesis 2.Relate translation to the process of protein synthesis 3.Describe the role of RNA in protein synthesis

  5. Protein Synthesis • Synthesis = to make • Protein synthesis= to make proteins • Translation = process of synthesizing proteins

  6. Translation: Review • Translation = process of decoding mRNA to produce a sequence of amino acids in a chain (protein) • mRNA = messenger RNA • Amino Acids = building blocks of DNA • Location: cytoplasm

  7. Translation: Review • Which process must occur before translation can take place?

  8. Translation 1) mRNA attaches to ribosome 2) tRNA brings amino acids (a.acids) to ribosome 3) A. acids attached along “assembly line” 4) Continues until a “stop” codonis reached

  9. Translation: making proteins from amino acids

  10. Making Proteins • Sequence of nucleotides = instructions for the order of amino acids • Proteins = long chain of a. acids • Code is read 3 letters at a time

  11. Codon = sequence of three nucleotides in DNA & RNA • Each codon codes for proper amino acid • Example: AUG-CGU-AAC-UGA

  12. Codons • Start codon- "AUG" - Methionine • Signals initiationtranslation • Initiation = start • Stop Codon- "UAG, UAA, and UGA" • Signals terminationtranslation • Termination = stop

  13. Review:RNA’s role in Protein Synthesis

  14. DNA Rap • http://www.dnatube.com/video/3446/BioRap-DNA-Replication-and-Protein-Synthesis-with-a-Beat

  15. Avid Thinking Strategy: Protein Synthesis Rap/Rhyme Directions (#11 on pg 11) • Concept: Protein Synthesis • Rap/Rhyme requirements: 1) Title (reflects main concept of poem) 2 ) Minimum 2 stanzas 4 lines each (grouping of lines, set off by a space, that usually has a set pattern of meter and rhyme) 3) Illustration depicting concept of poem (2 colors) 4) 4 sentence explanation explaining how the song & illustration demonstrate the concept of protein synthesis

  16. Warm Up • Wednesday Nov. 7, 2012 • Define the word codon. • List one START codon and one STOP codon.

  17. Warm Up • Thursday Nov. 8, 2012 • What organelle does translation occur in?

  18. Chromosomal Mutations

  19. Objectives 1. Define chromosomal mutation. 2. List and discuss common chromosomal mutations found in the human body.

  20. Chromosomal Mutations = change in the # or structure of chromosomes • 4 types: • Inversion • Translocation • Deletion • Duplication

  21. 1) Inversion = segment of chromosome breaks off & is reinserted in the same place but in reverse direction • Causes increased risk of miscarriages

  22. 2) Translocation = one of 2 homologous chromosomes breaks & binds to the other • Causes cancer & Infertility • Very deadly

  23. 3) Deletion = Lose portion of chromosome • Example: Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome

  24. Wolf-Hirschhorn Syndrome • Description: condition that is caused by a missing part (deletion) of the short arm of chromosome 4 • Symptoms: • Severe developmental delays • Characteristic facial appearance • Seizures • Variety other birth defects

  25. 4) Duplication = portion chromosome copied, resulting in extra genetic material • Example: Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease

  26. Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease • Description: Progressive loss of muscle tissue and touch sensation across various parts of the body • Symptoms: • muscle weakness • decreased muscle bulk • Tends to slowly worsenover time

  27. Avid Thinking Strategy: Letter to the Editor Directions (#13 pg 11) • Concept: Chromosomal Mutations • Letter Requirements: 1) 2-3 paragraphs (minimum 5 sentences each) 2) Write a letter about why mutations are harmful to humans 3) Use the new vocabulary words learned (in notes) 4) You must state an opinion and use 5 specific facts to support that opinion. 5) There must be an illustration depicting the concept of mutations.

  28. Warm Up • Friday Nov. 9, 2012 • What organelle does transcription occur in?

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