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Connection with what you know.

Superconductivity * Work on Worksheets * Superconductivity Lecture * Video “Race for Absolute Zero” Some material from Dr . Tim Lynch Funded by: HTS State Outreach Centers: DE-PS36-03GO93001-11. Connection with what you know. Three types of bonds: Covalent Ionic Metallic  You remember

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Connection with what you know.

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  1. Superconductivity *Work on Worksheets* Superconductivity Lecture* Video “Race for Absolute Zero”Some material from Dr. Tim LynchFunded by: HTS State Outreach Centers: DE-PS36-03GO93001-11

  2. Connection with what you know. • Three types of bonds: • Covalent • Ionic • Metallic  You remember • Name: Voltage = current X resistance • Ohm’s Law • Where does the resistance energy • Resistance lost as heat

  3. Superconductivity is an exciting field of physics! (Picture below is thelevitation of a magnet above a cooled superconductor, the Meissner Effect, ) Source: University of Oslo, Superconductivity Lab

  4. Definition and Research Aim • Superconductivity is • the flow of electric current without resistance • in certain metals, alloys, and ceramics • at temperatures near absolute zero, • Research Aim: Get to temperatures hundreds of degrees above absolute zero = -273ºK. (at least to liquid nitrogen temperatures) • Net: Keep it cold and resistance is zero.

  5. Comparisons of Temperatures

  6. The Discovery • Discovery by Onnes … zero resistance on a Hg wire at 4.2 K in 1911.

  7. At 4.2K, the Electrical Resistance (opposition of a material to the flow of electrical current through it)Vanished, Meaning Extremely Good Conduction of Electricity-Superconductivity Source: A Teacher's Guide to Superconductivity for High School Students

  8. The Key of Superconductivity • Superconductors have the ability to conduct electricity without the loss of energy. • When current flows in an ordinary conductor, for example copper wire, some energy is lost. • As much as 50% lost • Cooling it down the resistance is lost

  9. In Simpler Terms… Shaking the jungle gym Keeps children from moving Quickly through the gym Source: Oxford University

  10. Cooper Pair: • Two electrons that appear to "team up“ • Despite the fact that electrons have a negative charge and normally repel each other. • Below the superconducting transition temperature, paired e-form a condensate - a macroscopically occupied single quantum state - which flows without resistance

  11. In Simple Term Crowd makes it hard to move. Imagine if a person lifts you up and you surf over the crowd

  12. Animation of Cooper pairs:

  13. The Advantage…. • Generators wound with superconductors could generate the same amount of electricity with smaller equipment and less energy. • Once the electricity was generated, it could be distributed through superconducting wires. • Energy could be stored in superconducting coils for long periods of time without significant loss.

  14. The key Scientific terms…. • The superconducting state is defined by three very important factors: critical temperature (Tc), critical field (Hc), and critical current density (Jc). Each of these parameters is very dependant on the other two properties present • critical temperature (T ) The highest temperature at which superconductivity occurs in a material. Below this transition temperature T the resistivity of the material is equal to zero. • critical magnetic field (Hc ) Above this value of an externally applied magnetic field a superconductor becomes nonsuperconducting • critical current density (Jc) The maximum value of electrical current per unit of cross-sectional area that a superconductor can carry without resistance.

  15. The Science Becoming Reality

  16. Emerging Applications • power transmission • superconducting magnets in generators • energy storage devices • particle accelerators • levitated vehicle transportation • rotating machinery • magnetic separators Swiss Collider uses  superconductivity

  17. Cable – transmits 3 to 5 times more energy than copper wire Source: Southwire

  18. Transformer- 2 times overload capacity without insulation damage and environmentally friendly due to lack of oil used in operation. Source: Waukesha Electric Systems

  19. HTS Motor – requires half the space of copper based motors Source: Rockwell

  20. SMES (Superconducting Magnetic Energy Storage) Source: American Superconductor

  21. Forecasted Market Penetration Curves Source: Analysis of Markets and Future Prices for High Temperature Superconductors

  22. This is why Search for Absolute Zero is key Superconductivity is in your future

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