Understanding food and the benefits of vitamins, minerals, and exercise

1. Understanding food and the benefits of vitamins, minerals, and exercise Science 2012

2. Vocabulary • Energy: the ability to do work or cause change • Habitat: the location in which an organism lives • Hibernate: to reduce body movement during the winter in an effort to conserve energy • Migration: the movement of a group of organisms from one place to another, usually due to a change in seasons • Organism: any individual living thing • Photosynthesis: the process in which plants and some other organisms use the energy in sunlight to make food • Survive: to continue living or existing. Organisms survive until they die, species survive until they become extinct.

3. Video 1 • Four aspects of habitat: Air, Water, Food, and Space • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/e708373b-49e9-4fb7-bb32-a322881e8145/guidUnitId/e642733a-522b-44c7-aedf-9ef26cfcf970#/tab=explore-tab&page=1&MLtab=sessions1and2

4. What do organisms need from their habitat? • Just like you, all organisms need food for energy. Organisms obtain food in many different ways. Plants make their own food. Animals must feed on plants or other animals in order to obtain food. All organisms need water. All organisms are made up of cells. Because all cells contain water, all organisms need water. Organisms also need to exchange gases with the environment. They must be able to breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide. Beyond this, animals need shelter, space, and the opportunity to mate and produce offspring.

5. How do plants survive in a habitat? • Plants also have needs, including sunlight, water, and nutrients from the soil and carbon dioxide from the air. Plants use carbon dioxide and water to make their own food. As they make food, they release oxygen and water vapor. Most plants have roots that reach into the ground for water. They have stems that grow upward, and they hold their leaves up toward the sun to gather its light. They have tiny openings on their leaves that allow carbon dioxide to enter and oxygen to exit.

6. Video 2 • Animals and Plants • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/e708373b-49e9-4fb7-bb32-a322881e8145/guidUnitId/e642733a-522b-44c7-aedf-9ef26cfcf970#/tab=explain-tab&page=NaN&MLtab=sessions1and2 • How do animals and plants work together to survive?

7. How do animals find the things they need in their habitat? • Living things can be very different when it comes to meeting their needs. For example, plants make their own food using energy from the sun. Some animals eat grass and other plants. Other animals hunt prey. Sometimes living things interact with nonliving things in their habitat in order to meet a need. A pile of rocks or a cave may be used for shelter. Some animals burrow below the ground to find shelter. To obtain the oxygen they need, many land animals breathe through lungs. They breathe in oxygen and breathe out carbon dioxide.

8. Video 3 • What about the desert habitat? • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/e708373b-49e9-4fb7-bb32-a322881e8145/guidUnitId/e642733a-522b-44c7-aedf-9ef26cfcf970#/tab=elaborate-tab&page=NaN&MLtab=sessions1and2 • How do animals survive in the desert?

9. Video 4 • Ocean habitats • http://app.discoveryeducation.com/techbook2:concept/view/guidConceptId/e708373b-49e9-4fb7-bb32-a322881e8145/guidUnitId/e642733a-522b-44c7-aedf-9ef26cfcf970#/tab=model-lesson-tab&page=NaN&MLtab=sessions1and2

10. In your science notebook • Make a chart comparing the ways each habitat provides food, shelter, and water for the plants and animals that live there. • Use the forest, the desert, and the ocean.

11. Quiz! • 1) Water makes up 50 to 70 percent of a person's body weight. Without drinking water, we cannot survive for more than a few days. Water carries nutrients through our bodies and removes wastes. It also maintains the body's temperature. Our bodies lose water in several ways. Which of the following is not one of the ways water is lost from our bodies? • A) breathing • B) urinating • C) sweating • D) eating

12. Answer 1 • The correct answer is D. We lose water by sweating, urinating, and breathing; we gain it by drinking and in the food we eat.

13. Question 2 • Monarch butterflies can survive at temperatures as low as -7° C to - 10° C. However, they need shrubs and plants on the ground for survival.Why does the monarch butterfly need these shrubs and plants? • A) for obtaining food • B) for obtaining a mate • C) to get protection from freezing • D) to get protection from predators

14. Answer 2 • The correct response is C. It is correct because at extremely low temperatures, monarch butterflies take the shelter of shrubs and plants on the forest floor to avoid freezing to death.

15. Question 3 • The teacher is setting up an environment in a glass container for the class frog. Which of the following arrangements will best meet the needs of the frog? • A) sand, water and rocks • B) rocks, soil and water • C) water and aquatic plants • D) soil, plants and water

16. Answer 3 • The answer is D. Frogs need shade and moisture to maintain their skin temperature.