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Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500)

Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500). Section 1: The Rise of Islam. The Arabs Arabian Peninsula Arabs Sheikh Allah The Black Stone Kaaba , in the city of Makkah (Mecca ). . Section 1: The Rise of Islam. The Life of Muhammad Muhammad Khadija Revelations from God.

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Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500)

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  1. Chapter 6: The world of Islam (600 – 1500)

  2. Section 1: The Rise of Islam • The Arabs • Arabian Peninsula • Arabs • Sheikh • Allah • The Black Stone • Kaaba, in the city of Makkah (Mecca).

  3. Section 1: The Rise of Islam • The Life of Muhammad • Muhammad • Khadija • Revelationsfrom God. • angel Gabriel • Quran • Islam • Muslims • Madinah (Medina) • Hijrah • Bedouin • Hajj

  4. Section 1: The Rise of Islam • The Teachings of Muhammad • Islam • Monotheistic • Salvation and an afterlife • Muhammad • Preacher but not divine • Five Pillars of Islam • Belief • Prayer • Charity • Fasting • Pilgrimage • Shari’ ah • Other principles of behavior

  5. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors • Creation of an Arab Empire • Abu Bakr • Caliph • Arab Conquest • Jihad • Arab Rule • Madinah • After Abu Bakr • Conquered territories • Muslim administrators were tolerant

  6. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors • The Umayyads • 661 – Mu’awiyah, the governor of Syria became Caliph • Calipahate hereditary within his family • Established the Umayyad Dynasty – capital from Madinah to Damascus, Syria • Conquests • 8th Century North Africa –Berbers • 710 – Strait of Gibraltar • Split in Islam • The Umayyad Dynasty • Revolt in Iraq • Led by Hussein, son of Ali, the Son-in-law of Muhammad • The revolt led to split in Islam • Shia • Sunni

  7. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors • The Abbasid Dynasty • In 750, Abu al-‘Abbas, descendant of Muhammad’s uncle, overthrew the Umayyad Dynasty • Abbasid Rule • new capital in Bagdad • influence from the Persians • ideal citizens • Harun al-Rashid • al-Ma’mun • Trade routes • The bureaucracy of the Caliph • Vizier, advised the Caliph • Decline and Division • Problems did exist • Rulers within the Empire would break away from the empire

  8. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors • Seljuk Turks and the Crusades • The Fatimids • The Seljuk Turks • Nomadic people from central Asia • Sultan– “holder of power” • The battle of Manzikert in 1071 • The Crusades • The Byzantine Emperor Alexius I • 1169 – Saladin

  9. Section 2: The Arab Empire and Its Successors • The Mongols • Nomadic tribe, horse riding and very destructive • 1258 – Hulegu • strong hatred of Islam • Mamluks • Eventually the Mongols in the region converted to Islam

  10. Section 3: Islamic Civilization • Prosperity in the Islamic World • Trade was a key • Morocco • Role of the Cities • Great Cities: • Bagdad, Iran – Abbasid Dynasty • Cairo, Egypt, - Fatimids Dynasty • Damascus, Syria – Umayyad Dynasty • Islamic cities were distinctive – Impressive structures were palaces, of the caliphs, and Mosques • Bazaars – covered market • The Importance of Farming

  11. Section 3: Islamic Civilization • Islamic Society • Politics, economics, and social life are all covered in Islamic Teachings • Social Structure • All Muslim people are equal in the eyes of Allah • Non-Muslims were not equal • Slaves • Slaves would serve in the military • Slave women were domestic servants • Islamic law stated that slaves should be treated fairly and should eventually be able to gain their freedom

  12. Section 3: Islamic Civilization • The Role of Women • Quran – men and women were spiritual and social equals • Women • Family and society • All women had a male guardian (Adult family member) • Men had to pay a dowry • Older customs

  13. Section 4: The Culture of Islam • Philosophy, Science and History • Arabs – Translated Greek philosophy – Plato and Aristotle into Arabic • Preservation of Knowledge • Islamic Advancements • Islamic Scholars • Ibn-Rushd • Scholars – contributions in mathematics and sciences • Numerical system • Astronomy • Astrolabe • Medicine • Ibn Sina • History • Ibn-Khaldun • Muqaddimah

  14. Section 4: The Culture of Islam • Literature • Omar Kyayyam (KY-YAHM) – wrote Rubaiyat and The 1001 Nights also called The Arabian Nights – a collection of folktales, fables and romance. • Story of Aladdin and the magic lamp was added later along with other stories

  15. Section 4: The Culture of Islam • Art and Architecture • Mix of Arab, Persian, and Turkish • Art in their Architecture • Mosques • Samarra Mosque • Minaret • muezzin • Palaces • Alhambra • Art

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