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POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH

POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES. List pollutants, their sources, and their effects on human health. Explain how scientists use toxicology and epidemiology. Explain how pollution can come from both natural sources and human activities.

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POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH

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  1. POLLUTION AND HUMAN HEALTH

  2. INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES • List pollutants, their sources, and their effects on human health. • Explain how scientists use toxicology and epidemiology. • Explain how pollution can come from both natural sources and human activities. • Describe the relationship between waste, pollution, and human health. • Explain why the environment is an important factor in the spread of disease. • Describe two changes to the environment that can lead to the spread of infectious diseases. • Explain what scientists mean when they say that certain viruses are emerging.

  3. VOCABULARY • Toxicology 2. dose 3. dose-response curve 4. epidemiology 5. risk assessment 6. particulates 7. Pathogen 8. host 9. vector 10. Bacteria 11. virus 12. parasite 13. WHO 14. pollutant 15. source 16. Ingested 17. threshhold dose 18. EPA 19. bronchitis 20. heavy metals 21. CDC 22. organophosphate 23. hormone mimics 24. PCB 25. cholera 26. Dysentery 27. malaria 28. cross-species transfer 29. Hemorrhagic fever 30. dehydration

  4. POLLUTION PAPER Pick a pollutant of soil, air, or water. Research the pollutant and provide the following information: • Name • Source • Effects • What is being done to correct the problem • Is this solution work? Put this information on a typed 12 font double-spaced paper and turn it in by _________________________.

  5. WHERE DOES IT COME FROM? Personal experiences; Coughed from auto exhaust Sneezed from too much pepper Smelled at bad or irritating odor Seen soap on the ground Seen oil on water Seen smoke in the air ALL POLLUTION = AIR, SOIL, WATER

  6. POLLUTION CAUSES ILLNESSES IN TWO WAYS DIRECT POISONING- lead, asbestos INDIRECT POISONING- cholera, flu, river blindness WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION- world-wide reporting organization that collects data on health. POOR HEALTH REPORT - report on the estimated number of days of healthy life lost to death and disease. Most days lost in overcrowded areas with poor sanitation.

  7. POLLUTANT TYPES AND EFFECTS

  8. TOXICOLOGY The study of the harmful effects of substances on living organisms. Toxicity – how dangerous is a substance to a specific organism. (ingest, absorb, inhale) Is the concentration in the environment enough to be harmful?

  9. DOSE AND RESPONSE DOSE – the amount of a harmful substance to which an organism is exposed. RESPONSE – the damage to health from exposure to a given dose. Response can be effected by the dose and/ or the number of exposures. Persistent chemical – is a substance that breaks down slowly in the environment. – DDT, arsenic, lead, mercury

  10. DOSE – RESPONSE CURVE Shows the relative effect of various doses of a chemical on an organism. Threshold dose- up to threshold no effect, at or over threshold leads to worse effects.

  11. EPIDEMIOLOGY Study of diseases that is used to find disease origin and to prevent it from spreading. Risk Assessment – determination of risk to exposure of specific pollutants. Probability of a negative outcome.

  12. POLLUTON FROM NATURAL SOURCES Usually only a problem when at higher than normal levels. Example – radon gas – odorless gas that can come from the ground into houses and cause illness and death. PARTICULATES – dust, soot, and particles are most common pollutant – dust storms, volcanic eruptions, wildfires. HEAVY METALS – metals found in the ground can be a pollutant and dangerous when exposed to humans in dangerous levels – arsenic, cadmium, lead, mercury, seleniuim.

  13. POLLUTION FROM HUMAN ACTIVITIES • BURNING FUELS – place CO and particulates in the air, causing asthma, heart disease, and lung disorders. • PESTICIDES – chemicals designed to kill unwanted organisms. • INDUSTRIAL CHEMICALS – exposure to these chemicals can effect infant development and growth as well as cause adult diseases. • WASTE DISPOSAL – sewage, solid waste, chemical waste, nuclear waste.

  14. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS Some damage caused to human health is caused by organisms carrying disease. NEW – AIDS, ebola, West Nile virus, hanta virus, mad cow disease. OLD – malaria, tuberculosis, yellow fever, hookworm, cholera. These are more dangerous NOW, because we have altered the environment.

  15. BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS = INFECTOUS DISEASES PATHOGENS – organisms that cause disease. Airborne – tuberculosis, whooping cough Waterborne – cholera, dysentery Host borne – malaria, yellow fever host-an organism in which a pathogen lives all or part of its life.

  16. WATERBORNE DISEASES 75% of infectious diseases are transmitted by water. When water for human use is from a single source (cooking, cleaning, sewage) it becomes a breeding ground for pathogens. Vectors – organisms that transmit disease to humans

  17. VECTORS Mosquitoes Flies Fleas Ticks Rodents Birds Mammals

  18. CHOLERA Deadliest pathogens come from drinking water polluted with human feces. Cholera and dysentery – cause body to lose water through vomiting and diarrhea. A major killer of infants world wide.

  19. MALARIA Waterborne disease – female mosquito lays eggs in stagnant water and young develop into adults.

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