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Middle East: Changing Economic and Social Patterns

Middle East: Changing Economic and Social Patterns. What causes economic and social change in the Middle East?. Modernization. Four Goals Changes in a nation that enable it to set up a stable government and produce a high level of goods and services.

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Middle East: Changing Economic and Social Patterns

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  1. Middle East:Changing Economic and Social Patterns

  2. What causes economic and social change in the Middle East?

  3. Modernization • Four Goals • Changes in a nation that enable it to set up a stable government and produce a high level of goods and services

  4. 1. After independence a major goal of Middle Eastern nations was to reduce European economic influences. • Socialism: a system in which the government owns and operates major businesses and controls other parts of the economy – • nationalized industries: acquisition and operation of a business formerly owned privately/foreign owned =mixed successes • Today: Government takes leading role: directing economic growth and privatized some nationalized industries

  5. 2. Population growth poses a challenge to modernization in the Middle East. • Population explosion has strained resources: limited farmland and water • Family planning program initiated by gov’t

  6. 3. Governments have worked to modernized agriculture in the Middle East. • goal to increase cash crop output = increase income • new water supplies – Irrigation; desalination plants, Aswan High Dam • Land reform: redistribution of land • Green Revolution: use of technologyto improve agriculture

  7. 4. Oil has played an important role in the Middle East. • near 60% of world’s oil reserves – some nations have prospered – unevenly distributed • Guest workers • OPEC: influences world markets (cartel) • formed to control production, competition, and prices – video • Helps nations modernize • US and Foreign Oil Link

  8. 5. Middle Eastern cities have undergone rapid growth. • urbanization because of population explosion and hope for better life • Youth adapt better to the change in customs from rural to city – Generational conflict • compete for limited jobs • shantytowns

  9. Slums of Ein El Sira

  10. 6. The status of women in Middle Eastern societies is changing. • Varies • new opportunities in cities: work/education • Choose between economic opportunities and loyalty to traditional ways of life

  11. Varies NYT Video Women fight for right to drive • Show 60 Minutes DVD Saudi Women – 13mins • 2015: women are supposed to be given right o vote and hold local office • BBC: Are Saudi Women Really Oppressed? Video Link • Bikes and Saudi Women Video 2mins • Malala - Videos • Daily Show (16 mins) - NY Times • Religious Police Article – Dare to Drive TED • Behind the Veil: What Life Is REALLY Like for Women in the Middle East – Link to video – Abroad – 7 minutes • Saudi women Struggle Website – Driving Ban Link • No woman No Drive • Saudi suffragettes: Women register to vote for the first time in Saudi Arabia – Article Link – Link 2015 • Obstacles to Saudi women Registering – Link - 2016 • As Saudi Arabia's Love Of Online Gaming Grows, Developers Bloom – Link • For Young Saudi Women, Video Games Offer Self-Expression - link

  12. More Resources • Saudi Women vote in election for first time with a few videos: 2015 • http://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-35075702 • After election: What is the future for Saudi Women? Several articles • http://www.npr.org/2015/12/19/459491653/after-historic-elections-in-saudi-arabia-whats-the-future-for-women • Saudi Arabia strips religious police of arrest power • http://www.cnn.com/2016/04/14/middleeast/saudi-arabia-religious-police-powers/

  13. 7. Middle Eastern nations have placed great emphasis on education. • since 1950’s: great progress literacy up link • Oil money helped • More boys than girls • More urban than rural • Population explosion strains on educational resources • essential to a nation’s population to reduce economic dependence on the West and promote modernization

  14. What caused the economic and social changes in the Middle East? Modernization

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