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Citing Sources for Success. National History Day 2013. Agenda. How to Cite Sources? What Should be Cited? Quoting Paraphrasing Parentheses Running Acknowledgement. When to Cite. http:// www.criticalthinkeracademy.com /academy/how-to-cite-sources-and-avoid-plagiarism/when-to-cite/.
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Citing Sources for Success National History Day 2013
Agenda • How to Cite Sources? • What Should be Cited? • Quoting • Paraphrasing • Parentheses • Running Acknowledgement
When to Cite http://www.criticalthinkeracademy.com/academy/how-to-cite-sources-and-avoid-plagiarism/when-to-cite/
What should be cited? What should not be cited? • Primary Sources • Numbers • Historical Data • Case Studies • Information beyond a” reasonable person” • Direct quotes • Interview • Secondary Sources • Historical Data • Interpretations • Conclusions • Direct quotes • Personal Thoughts • Your Observations • Common Knowledge • Reader should already know? • Easy to locate in a general reference source • Universal Facts http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/589/02/
Quoting • Original source is perfect for impact • Recognizing an authority • Anticipating a counter argument from a source • Rewording would change the meaning of the source Purpose • According McVey (2012), “runners should avoid striking the ground with the heel of the foot while running.” Example…
Paraphrasing • Citing the author’s ideas, not words • Captures the author’s meaning • No more than 3 exact words from the source (except for proper nouns) Purpose • To avoid unnecessary stress on the body, runners should land on mid-foot, not on the heal (McVey, 2012) Example…
Parentheses • (Author, Year) • End of the Sentence • Ex. Integrating the clicker system into instruction as a post assessment will improve student performance, on average, by 25% (Grafton, 2012). • Multiple Authors • 2 authors (McVey & Phillips, 2012) • 3 to 5 authors (McVey, Phillips & Grafton, 2012) (McVey et al., 2012) • Multiple sources (McVey, 2010; Phillips, 2012)
Running Acknowledgement • Integrate the author’s name followed by the (year) into a sentence • Examples • According to McVey (2012)… • McVey (2012) argues… • McVey (2012) suggests… • Phillips and McVey (2010) illustrate that… • As noted by Phillips (2010),