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Fresh waters of Europe

Fresh waters of Europe. The hydrosphere originates from the bowels of the earth through the volcanic gorges. It is close related to the processes in the atmosphere. . Origin and formation of waters. Ground waters. Artesian - waters between two waterproof layers

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Fresh waters of Europe

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  1. Fresh waters of Europe

  2. The hydrosphere originates from the bowels of the earth through the volcanic gorges. It is close related to the processes in the atmosphere. Origin and formation of waters

  3. Ground waters • Artesian - waters between two waterproof layers • Mineral- water naturally impregnated with mineral salts or gasses • Karsts – underground waters reach of CaCO³

  4. Rivers

  5. Rivers Europe’s three largest rivers, the Volga (1), the Danube (2) and the Dnepr (3), drain one quarter of the continent. However, they are relatively small by world standards; their catchments ranking 14th, 29th and 48th, respectively.

  6. Natural lakes

  7. Lakes in Europe

  8. Lakes and resevoirs in Europe

  9. Dam “Ogosta”-Montana, Bulgaria Reservoirs and dams / human-made lakes/

  10. Reservoirs and dams

  11. Water abstraction

  12. Water use by sectors

  13. Measures: The use of economic instruments, such as water pricing and metering Water-reuse and recycling Increased efficiency of domestic, agricultural and industrial water use Water saving campaigns supported by public education programmes First main problemWater scarcity and drought

  14. During the last five years in Europe - 100 major damaging floods Since 2000, floods in Europe have caused: at least 700 deaths, the displacement of about half a million people at least  25 billion € in insured economic losses. Second main problemFloods

  15. Third main problemPollution

  16. Prevention Strategies • The Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive (91/271/EEC) • The Nitrates Directive • The Bathing Waters Directive (76/160/EEC & 2006/7/EC) • The Water Framework Directive (WFD; 2000/60/EC).

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