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The War Drags On

The War Drags On. Topic #37. Lincoln replaces McClellan with General Burnside! Launched a surprise attack against Lee outside of Richmond. Can’t stay organized – ends up retreating after over 12,600 casualties. Confederates only lose about 5,300 soldiers at this battle!.

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The War Drags On

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  1. The War Drags On Topic #37

  2. Lincoln replaces McClellan with General Burnside! • Launched a surprise attack against Lee outside of Richmond. • Can’t stay organized – ends up retreating after over 12,600 casualties. • Confederates only lose about 5,300 soldiers at this battle! Fredericksburg – Dec 1862

  3. Issued in 1862, takes effect January 1, 1863. • Frees all slaves living in the “states in rebellion” (Confederacy). • Doesn’t free slaves in any Northern states. • Has little immediate effect because the South didn’t listen at all. • Many slaves were liberated as Union troops won battles in the south. The Emancipation Proclamation

  4. Burnside resigns his post, and General Hooker takes over! • Hooker attempts to take Fredericksburg, but hesitates a few miles west in Chancellorsville. • Stonewall Jackson’s and Lee’s men attack and after three days, the Union again retreats! • Stonewall Jackson accidentally shot by his men and dies a few days later. Chancellorsville – Apr 1863

  5. Union surrounds the city, bombards it with cannon fire and blocks off all food and supplies. • City surrenders to General Grant on July 4, 1863 • Gives the Union full control of the Mississippi. Siege of Vicksburg – May-July 1863

  6. All black regiment of Union soldiers. • Fought bravely at the Battle of Fort Wagner in South Carolina, July 1863. • By the end of the war, there had been about 180,000 African Americans that served in the Union Army. • Usually led by white officers, because they had gone to military academies. 54th Massachusetts Regiment

  7. By the end of 1863, the Confederacy had lost 40% of its men. • Both sides had many deserters and needed soldiers. • Both sides instituted a Draft for military service. • A replacement could be purchased for $300. Conscription – The Draft

  8. Performed many farm chores and daily work that men used to do. • Served as nurses, spies, factory workers. • Clara Burton’s collection of medicine and supplies leads to the establishment of the American Red Cross. Women help the War Efforts

  9. Both sides had prisoner of war camps. • Most infamous were: • Andersonville, Georgia • Elmira, New York • Many died of overcrowding, starvation, disease, poor shelter, etc. • Over 50,000 men die in the POW camps. Prisoners of War

  10. July 1-3, 1863 • Union General Meade replaces Hooker! • Lee’s Southern Army Raids the Union camp for supplies. • Union pushed back, but is able to create solid defensive position. • Both sides call for reinforcements. Battle of Gettysburg – Day 1

  11. Lee ordered a fresh attack to try and take a high hill called Little Round Top. • After the full day of fighting, the Confederates had to pull back and the Union kept their positions. Battle of Gettysburg – Day 2

  12. Lee, against advice to NOT attack, launches another attack. • He heads right into the center of the Union lines on Cemetery Ridge. • Pickett’s Charge! -- Southern General Pickett’s division thinks the Union is very weak and charges right for them. • Union attacks constantly against them, forcing a retreat! • Casualties: • Union – 23,000 • Confederate – 28,000 Battle of Gettysburg – Day 3

  13. Foreign countries decide to NOT help the Confederacy. • Lincoln unhappy that General Meade did not follow Lee’s army when they retreated to finish them off. • Union feels that they have a chance at winning the war after the Victories at Gettysburg and Vicksburg. • Lincoln gives the Gettysburg Address in November 1863. So, what now?!?!

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