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??????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????? . ???????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???????? ? X-XII ??. ??????? ??? ???? ? ???????? ????????????, ????????? ????, ?????????????????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????????? ? ??? ??????, ?????, ?????, ??????. ? XV-XVI ??. ? ?????? ? ???

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    1. ???????????????-????????????? ?????????????? ? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???? 1. ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ????????????. 2. ????????????? ???????? ????????. 3. ?????? ????????????? 4. ?????????? ???????? ???????? ?) ???????? ???????? ??????? ?)???????? ????????? ????? ??????????: 1) ?.?. ????? ??????? ??????????? ??????/????? ?.?., ??????? ?.?., ??????? ?.?.. – ??????:??????? ?????, 1999.- 447?. 2)???????? ?.?. ????????????/ ?.?. ????????, ?.?.????????, ?.?. ?????????– ?.:1985. - 3) ???????????? (??? ???. ???????? ?.?., ?????????? ?.?.) – ?.:?????, 2000.- ?. 3-41. 4) ?.?. ?????????, ?.?. ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???????-???????? ???????????? ??????// ??????? ?????. - ?2, 2005. –?.29-30.

    2. ??????????? ?????????, ???????? ???????????? ???????? ???????????? ?? ???? ???????? ? X-XII ??. ??????? ??? ???? ? ???????? ????????????, ????????? ????, ?????????????????? ?????? ??????, ????????? ? ?????? ??????? ???????. ?????????? ? ??? ??????, ?????, ?????, ??????. ? XV-XVI ??. ? ?????? ? ??????????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ??????, ??? ???????????? ????????? ? ???????. ? XIX ?. ???????????? ???????????? ? ???????????? ??????? ????????? ?????????. ? 1913 ?. ??????? ????? ?????????? ??? 655 ???. ??. ? ??????? ???? 1938-1940 ??. ? ? ???? ??????? ????????????? ????? (1941-1945) ???? ? ?????? ?????? ??????????, ??????? ??? ???? ???????????. ? ???????????? ???? ???? ???? ?????????????, ??????? ??? ???? ? 1971 ?. ?? ?????????? ???? ????????? ????? 3 ???. ??.

    3. ???????????? ?????? ? ???? ??????? ?? ????????????. ? ?????? ?????????? ?? ????? 40-50 ?? ?????? ? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ? ???, ??????????? ???????? ? 10 ??? ??????, ??? ? ???????? ??????????? ???????. ??????????? ?????? ?????????? ???????????? ?????????. ?? ????????? 18 ??? ???????-??????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????. ? ?.-?. ???????????? ????????? ??????????? ?????. ? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ?????????? ? ???????? 20-30 ?/??. ??????? ?? ? ?????????????? ??? ? 90-? ??. ???????? ???????? ????????????? ????????? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?.-?. ???????????? ? ?????? ???????????? ??????????? ???????-??????? ????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????????. ???? ??????? ???????-??????? ?????????? ? ??? ? 1985 ?? 2003 ?. ??????????? ????? ???? ?? 14%, ?? ??????? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? 48% ????????? ??????????? ??????????? (??????? 1).

    4. ??????? 1

    5. ???????? ????????????? ??? ?????? ??? 2002 ???, ? ??????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ? ????, ????? ??? ? 2001 ?. ???? ??????????? ???? ????????? ?? 15% ?????? (????.2) ??????? 2

    6. ???????? ???????????? ????? ? ????? – ??????????? ????????, ?????????????? ???????? 1 ?? ?????? ?????????? ? ???????? ?? 440 ?? 627 ????, ???? – ?? 310 ?? 480 ????. ?????? ?????????????? ?????????? ????? (1 ?? ????? ???????? 6360-7000 ????). ? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ????? (? ??????? 18%, ??????? 21%), ?????? (? ?????? 75%), ???? (? ?????? ?? 60-70%), ???????????? ??????? – ????????, ????????, ??????, ????????? ? ??., ?????????, ????????????? ????????, ????????. ? ?????? ????? ?????, ???????, ???????, ???????? ?????? ???? ? ?????? ???????. ?? ?????????? ???????????? ?????? ???????? ? ??? ????????? ??????? 100 ?? ?????? ? ???? ( ?? ???? ????? ?????????? ????? 35%, ?????????? – 10, ????????? – 8, ?????, ????, ????, ?????????, ??????, ????????? – ?? 4-5%). ???????????? ???????? ????????, ???????????? ? ?????? ? ??????, ????????? ???????? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????. ? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?, ?1, ?2, ?6, ?9, ?, ?1, ?? ? ?? . ???????? ??????? (?9), ????????????? ? ?????? ??????, ?????, ??????, ?????? ?????? ? ?????????, ???????????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ? ?????.

    7. ?????????? (?1), ??????????????? ? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ?????????, ?????????, ??????, ????????, ?????????, ???????????? ?????????? ?????????????? ?????. ?????????? (?2), ???????????? ? ?????? ?????, ?????, ???????, ????????? ?????? ????? ? ????????, ???????? ????????? ??????? ???????. ??????????????? ???????????? ? ???? ??????? ???????? ?????????????? ? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????-??????????, ?????????-????????, ???????????? ???????????, ????- ? ????????????. ????? ????????? ????????????? ???????? ??? ????????? ???????????? ????? ?????????? ????????, ??? ????????, ?????????? ???????? ??????, ?????????? ????????????. ??????????? ? ??????? 3 ???????????????????? ?????? ??????????????? ?? ???????????? ??????????? ?????????????? ????????? ? ???????? ?????? ?? ???????? ????? ??????.

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