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Roaring 20’s

Roaring 20’s. From Boom to Bust. Mass Media and Communications. How do you find out what’s going on in the world? ( News, fashion, music, etc..)

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Roaring 20’s

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  1. Roaring 20’s From Boom to Bust

  2. Mass Media and Communications • How do you find out what’s going on in the world? ( News, fashion, music, etc..) • The 1920s was in many respects the first decade of our modern era. Even as cultural issues divided Americans from different regions or economic levels, technology was beginning to break down other barriers.

  3. Mass Media and Communications • Radio: Broadcast jazz and Fireside Chats (along with phonograph, radio broke barriers) • Movies: Provided escape from Depression-era realities • Newspapers and magazines: Shaped cultural norms and sparked fads

  4. The Radio How did the radio impact America? • 800 stations by 1929 = 10 million families

  5. Leisure Time • The growth of cities changed leisure patterns. • The average workweek changed from seven days 70 hours to five days 45 hours. • Salaries and wages also were on the rise. • Movies, radio, and phonographs allowed people to escape their problems and brought about a similar culture. • The radio and movies reached all parts of the world.

  6. Henry Ford • Lowered cost by using mass production • assembly line • 1 worker = one task • All parts interchangeable • More than one made at a time • Faster = Cheaper

  7. Wanted to build a car that his employees could afford • Model T $290 in 1920 1914: 500,000 car 1930: 30 million cars!

  8. The Impact of the Automobile Industry CARS Shopping at stores Vacations Steel Tires Gasoline Roads OIL Rubber growth of Suburbs

  9. Prosperity • The1920s was a period marked by: • A return to isolationism • Less government intervention. • music, art, literature, sports flourish • New consumer goods • Prohibition- speakeasies, bootleggers • Flappers • A change in American values and way of life. • Higher wages & more job opportunities

  10. Early 20’s: Return to Normalcy • Belief that America needed to return to a “normal life” after the war • Normalcy=Pre-Progressivism: • Political Corruption • Anti-Immigration • Laissez-faire • Isolation • Fundamentalism (Religious)

  11. Political Corruption • President Harding’s presidency is marked by scandal • Teapot Dome Scandal: Government officials gave government land to oil company. • Prohibition: Smuggling alcohol and speakeasies appear and government officials are bribed and corrupted. • The age of Al Capone – well known gangster

  12. The Red Scare • Revolution in Russia brought the Communists to power. • Many Americans, frustrated by big business owners, joined the Communist Party. • Thousands of strikes in 1919 and 1920 • Bombs were sent to government and business leaders.

  13. Anti-Immigration • Cause: Red Scare – Belief of the early 20’s that Communists would try to take over the U.S. • A. Mitchell Palmer – leader of Red Scare • Open immigration: Rise of new Ku Klux Klan • New Immigrants most affected by the Red Scare • Return of Nativism • KKK grows to over 5 million people

  14. The KKK Rises Again • The Ku Klux Klan rises to power again – believed in 100% Americanism • Targeted: • Blacks • Immigrants • Jews • Roman Catholics Wantagh, LI Babylon, LI Mineola, LI Washington, D.C.

  15. KKK in Washington 1925

  16. Effects of Anti-Immigration • Court Case: Sacco & Vanzetti – two radical Italian immigrants were arrested, convicted, and executed for murder.

  17. Sacco and Vanzetti (1927) • Anarchist Italian immigrants convicted of murder • Not given fair trial • Executed • Cleared of charges in 1977

  18. Effects of Anti-Immigration • Immigration controls: • Emergency Quota act (1921) & National Quota Act (1924) • Limit the number of Immigrants from “dangerous” countries.

  19. Laissez-faire • Return the power of big business • Government crackdown on labor unions -labor unions seen as communist supporters

  20. Global Policies • The United States hope to become isolationist again.

  21. Small Towns v Big Cities • 1920 Census • >50% of all Americans lived in Cities • Farmers less Important

  22. Fundamentalism • Religious movement of the era that hoped to restore the morality of America • Supporters: Rural areas

  23. Scopes Monkey Trial • Evolution vs. The Bible • Science: City • Bible: Rural • Evolution is Darwin’s Theory that man evolved over time from monkeys • The Bible teaches creationism – God created man and all the world

  24. SCOPES TRIAL • In March 1925, Tennessee passed the nation’s first law that made it a crime to teach evolution • John Scopes arrested Scopes was a biology teacher who dared to teach his students that man derived from lower species

  25. Fundamentalism • Scopes Monkey Trial – a science teacher from Tennessee wanted to teach evolution but the school would not allow it and he sued • ACLU – American Civil Liberties Union backed the teacher • William Jennings Bryan represented the creationist • Clarence Darrow represented the evolutionist

  26. Scopes Trial • Fundamentalists believed the Bible was literally true and without error. • They rejected Darwin’s theory of evolution • Evolution – human beings had developed from lower forms of life over the course of millions of year • The creationists won the trial, but because of the trial, the Fundamentalists fell out of favor

  27. Scopes was found guilty and fined $100

  28. Scopes Monkey Trial

  29. Prohibition • The 18th amendment – banned the production and sale of alcohol • The Volstead Act – enforcing Prohibition became the responsibility of the U.S. Treasury Department • Granted federal and state governments the power to enforce Prohibition

  30. PROHIBITION • 18th Amendment in 1920 • illegal to make, sell or transport liquor Prohibition lasted from 1920 to 1933 when it was repealed by the 21st Amendment

  31. Prohibition • Speakeasies – secret bars where you could buy alcohol • Crime was glamorized and became big business. Some gangsters had enough money to corrupt local politicians. (organized crime) • Al Capone – one of the most successful and violent gangsters of the time • Bonnie and Clyde, Baby Faced Nelson, John Dillinger all famous during this time period. • The Twenty-first Amendment ended Prohibition

  32. The Speakeasy

  33. Al Capone • Bootlegged whiskey from Canada. • ran a network of 10,000 speakeasies • made $60 million in bootlegging. • He killed off the competition (literally) • Rise of organized crime and the Mob • Prohibition caused a RISE in crime and lawlessness, not a decrease. • 21st Amendment repeals Prohibition.

  34. Why Prohibition Failed? • Unpopular • Led to organized crime • Death due to poor quality alcohol • Under funded and hard to enforce 1500 agents were responsible for enforcing

  35. Al Capone

  36. THE TWENTIES WOMAN • After World War I, Americans were looking for a little fun in the 1920s Why were women able to become more independent after WWI? Chicago 1926

  37. 19th Amendment (1920)

  38. Traditional Role of Women • Flappers: A young woman with short skirts and rouged cheeks who had her hair cropped close in a style known as a bob. • Women gained the right to vote with passage of the nineteenth amendment.

  39. THE FLAPPER • A Flapper was a young woman who embraced the new fashions and urban attitudes. • Wanted independence • Rebelled against traditional roles

  40. Cultural Innovations • Talking picture – The Jazz Singer – was produced and the golden age of Hollywood began. • Mass media – radio, movies, newspapers, and magazines aimed at a broad audience – did more than just entertain. • They helped to broaden people’s interests and fostered a sense of shared national experience

  41. African American Culture • The Great Migration – hundreds of thousands of African Americans move from the rural South to industrial cities in the North • Harlem Renaissance – African Americans created an environment that stimulated artistic development, racial pride, and a sense of community. • Langston Hughes (writer), Louis Armstrong (trumpet player), Duke Ellington (bandleader)

  42. Harlem Renaissance • In the 1920s it was home to a literary and artistic revival known as the Harlem Renaissance

  43. WHAT MADE THE HARLEM RENAISSANCE POSSIBLE? • Between 1910 and 1920, theGreat Migration saw hundreds of thousands of African Americans move north to big cities Migration of the Negro by Jacob Lawrence

  44. Harlem Renaissance • Writers • Langston Hughes (Poet) • Zora Neale Hurston (Writer) • Famous Jazz Musicians • “Duke” Ellington • Louis Armstrong • Bessie Smith • Cotton Club: famous Jazz Club in Harlem • Blacks usually denied admission

  45. Notables • Charles Lindbergh – first to fly across the Atlantic • Babe Ruth – may be the best known baseball player • Henry Ford – the assembly line, his most important invention, also developed the Model T ford. • Welfare capitalism – Companies allowed workers to buy stock, participate in profit sharing, and receive benefits such as medical care and pensions.

  46. Notables • Open shop – a workplace where employees were not required to join a union. • In 1920 Westinghouse Company broadcast one of the first public broadcast in history • 1926 National Broadcasting Company (NBC) established a permanent network of stations to distribute daily programs. • 1928 Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) assembled a coast-to-coast network of stations

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