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Pakistan’s Perspective on Transition from Reactive to Proactive DM System

Pakistan’s Perspective on Transition from Reactive to Proactive DM System. Sequence. Pakistan’s vulnerabilities Evolution & structure of DM system Transition from reactive disaster response to proactive disaster risk reduction & preparedness Changing focus and recent developments

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Pakistan’s Perspective on Transition from Reactive to Proactive DM System

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  1. Pakistan’s Perspective on Transition from Reactive to Proactive DM System

  2. Sequence • Pakistan’s vulnerabilities • Evolution & structure of DM system • Transition from reactive disaster response to proactive disaster risk reduction & preparedness • Changing focus and recent developments • Issues & challenges 2

  3. GLOF Avalanche 3

  4. Floods Land Slides

  5. Tsunami Earthquake 5

  6. Drought Forest Fires

  7. Industrial Accidents Oil Spills 7

  8. Climate Change Impacts • Inconsistent monsoon behavior • Rising number of extreme climate events • More Intense monsoon rains • Increasing frequency of heavy downpours in short time interval • Marked shift in monsoon rainfall zone from NE to NW 8

  9. Rainfall Shift 9

  10. From Reactive to Proactive DM System • Limited policy level focus on disasters • Absence of sustainable institutional arrangements to address complete spectrum of disasters • Disaster management was viewed in complete isolation from the mainstream development • Resource allocation for preparedness and response • Only relief providing legal mechanisms were in place (Calamities Act of 1958) • UNISDR in 2000 & HFA in 2005 10

  11. Earthquake - 2005 proved a wake up call

  12. We Realized • Lacking hazard and risk assessment for informed planning • Infrastructure was not hazard resistant and resilient (particularly schools and housing) • Development insensitive to disaster risk reduction (DRR) • Lacking in specialized search and rescue capacity • Limited awareness and capacity among communities • Therefore a comprehensive & proactive • Disaster Management System was established through an • Act of Parliament 12

  13. NDMC PDMCs NDMA PDMAs NDRF NIDM Corps of Volunteers DDMAs Stake Holders Disaster Management Structure Federal Level Provincial Level Climate Change Division 13

  14. NDMC NDMA JSHQ Div DMC Corps DMC Line Ministries/ Division GHQ DMC (MO Dte) Command DMC BDMC Media Command ERC ERU AHQ DMC (DCAS) UN/ Donors Humanitarian NHQ ERC (ACNS) PDMA/ FDMA SDMA/GBDMA Local Representatives Implementation Partners (UN) DDMA Line Deptts Coordination Mechanism 14

  15. NDMA’s Role • Prevention • Mitigation • Preparedness • Response • Recovery and Rehabilitation • Reconstruction Pre Disaster Post Disaster Source: NDM ACT 2010, Section 2c 15

  16. Transition From Reactive to Proactive system inhibited by successive disasters of unprecedented magnitudes 16

  17. Cyclone 2007 & 2010 Floods - 2010 17

  18. Floods - 2011 Floods - 2012

  19. Achievements • Institutional strengthening and capacity building • Hazard and vulnerability assessment • Training, research & awareness • Preparedness and mitigation initiatives (capacity building trainings) • Contingency planning by adopting bottom up approach • Community based DRM • Mainstreaming DRR into development • Development of international linkages 19

  20. DRM Needs Report - 2012 • DRM Needs Report, 2012 compiled with inputs from provinces and relevant stakeholders, identified needs to: • Undertake extensive DRM capacity building program for PDMAs, DDMAs and relevant government organizations • Capacitate district level organizations in post disaster management skills e.g. management of relief goods and supplies, camp management etc • Multi hazard risk and vulnerability assessments at the district and community levels • Establishment and strengthening of disaster response force • Streamlining Land record, land-use planning and building codes 20

  21. Identified Needs…… • Institutionalization of DRM at the community/grassroots level • Installation and strengthening of early warning systems • Construction of warehouses for the storage and rapid provision of food and non food items in high risk areas • The construction of critical infrastructure for risk mitigation • The development of risk transfer mechanisms (insurance schemes) Others: Emergency Operation Centers, Heavy Machinery, Climate Change Studies, School Safety Programmes, DRM monitoring system, Mainstreaming DRR 21

  22. National DRR Policy • Policy approved by NDMC in February 2013 • Policy shifts focus away from response centric approach towards: • Prevention • mitigation • Preparedness 22

  23. National Disaster Management Plan • A ten years National Disaster Management Plan approved by NDMC in February 2013 with four components: • National Disaster Management Plan • Human Resource Development Plan • National Multi-Hazard Early Warning Plan • Development of CBDRM guidelines (pilot initiative in 5 districts) • Plan has 10 priority areas with 118 interventions and will cost approximately US$ 1056 millions 23

  24. Issues and Challenges • Capacity constraints of DM institutions (weak DDMAs) • Non availability of micro level risk assessments • Retrofitting of existing infrastructure for DRR • Impact of climate change phenomenon • Deficient weather forecasting capabilities • Inadequate early warning dissemination system • Strengthening of national institute of disaster management • Training and awareness of communities on DRM • Resource constraints 24

  25. Thank You 25

  26. HFA & NDMP’s Interventions HFA 1 - DM is a national and local priority with a strong institutional base - Intervention - 1 Establish the institutional and legal system for disaster management - Intervention - 2 Prepare disaster management plans at various levels. HFA 2 - Mechanism for identification, assessment and monitoring of disaster risks - Intervention - 3 Establish national hazard and vulnerability assessment - Intervention - 4 Establish multi-hazard early warning systems. HFA 3 – Establish better knowledge of disaster risk at local and community level - Intervention - 5 Promotion of training, education and awareness in relation to disaster management; and establish a national emergency response system - Intervention - 6 Strengthen the awareness programme on disaster risk reduction at the local level

  27. HFA & NDMP’s Interventions HFA 4 - Reduce underlying risk factors - Intervention - 7 Infrastructure development for disaster risk reduction - Intervention - 8 Mainstreaming disaster risk reduction into development HFA 5 - Enhance Preparedness, response and recovery measures in disaster management - Intervention - 9 Establish a national emergency response system - Intervention - 10 Capacity development for post-disaster recovery

  28. NDMP (Main Volume)

  29. NDMP (Main Volume)

  30. NDMP (Main Volume)

  31. NDMP (Main Volume)

  32. NDMP (Main Volume)

  33. NDMP (Main Volume)

  34. NDMP (Main Volume) TOTAL COST (NDMP) = US$ 774.1 million

  35. HRD Plan (Volume-I) TOTAL COST (HRDP) = US $64.3 million

  36. MHEWS (Volume-II) TOTAL COST (MHEWSP) = US $188.5 million

  37. Instructor’s Guidelines on CBDRM (Volume-III) TOTAL COST (CBDRM) = US $14 million

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