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PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY OF EUROPE. http://www.explorecrete.com/crete-maps/images/europe.gif. LANDFORMS. 1. “Peninsula of peninsulas” (pg.273) Glaciers formed them Carved the fjords (U-shaped valleys) in Norway.
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LANDFORMS • 1. “Peninsula of peninsulas” (pg.273) • Glaciers formed them • Carved the fjords (U-shaped valleys) in Norway
http://www.qinetiq.com/home/newsroom/news_releases_homepage/2006/2nd_quarter/qinetiq_led_team_successfully.Par.0003.File.tmp/MTNC2%20-%20Norwegian%20Fjords%20-%20HR.JPGhttp://www.qinetiq.com/home/newsroom/news_releases_homepage/2006/2nd_quarter/qinetiq_led_team_successfully.Par.0003.File.tmp/MTNC2%20-%20Norwegian%20Fjords%20-%20HR.JPG
2. Mountain Ranges and Uplands • Separate the people of Europe (pg. 274) • Construct travel • Alps block winds
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.throughachildseyesproductions.com/images/Landscapes/pyrennes.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.throughachildseyesproductions.com/landscape_pages/Lgallery2.htm&h=224&w=350&sz=48&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=LEzdkIZxCkZ-6M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpyrennes%2Bmountains%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3Dhttp://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.throughachildseyesproductions.com/images/Landscapes/pyrennes.JPG&imgrefurl=http://www.throughachildseyesproductions.com/landscape_pages/Lgallery2.htm&h=224&w=350&sz=48&hl=en&start=1&tbnid=LEzdkIZxCkZ-6M:&tbnh=77&tbnw=120&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpyrennes%2Bmountains%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D
3. Major Rivers • Allowed for ease of transportation of people, goods, & services. Ex: Danube and Rhine • Link to the Black Sea and into Southwest Asia and Russia
http://www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Central_Europe/Germany/RHINE/rhine55.jpg http://www.castles.org/castles/Europe/Central_Europe/Germany/RHINE/rhine55.jpg
RESOURCES • Fertile Land • Northern European Plains (flat and produces plenty of food. • Sweden, Hungary, & Northern Italy. • 33% of the land produces crop.
http://www.reep.org/resources/easter2004/images/camino_2850.jpghttp://www.reep.org/resources/easter2004/images/camino_2850.jpg
2. Oil • Found in the North Sea
3. Coal and Iron • Needed to produce steel http://www.scsc.k12.ar.us/2000backeast/ENatHist/Members/Reynolds/mvc-002f.jpg
CLIMATE AND VEGETATION • Marine West Coast • Warm summers and cool winters • Alps colder climates bc of elevation. • North Atlantic drift-warm winds and water from the tropics
2. Humid Continental • Warm/hot summers and cold/snowy winters • Plenty of rain • Lost many of its forest • Fertile land
3. Mediterranean • Mild climate (hot/dry summers and mild/wet winters) • Mountains protect area from cold winds • Beaches • Farmers grow citrus fruits, olives, grapes and wheat.
4. Tundra and Subarctic • Permafrost • Harsh winters • Few days of sunshine http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/astronomy/fix/student/images/11f39.jpg&imgrefurl=http://www.mhhe.com/physsci/astronomy/fix/student/chapter11/11f39.html&h=480&w=640&sz=71&hl=en&start=15&tbnid=4ku3GUliHhEBIM:&tbnh=103&tbnw=137&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dpermafrost%26svnum%3D10%26hl%3Den%26lr%3D
How have Europeans changed their environment? • TUNNELS • The French and British joined together and built the “Chunnel”(underwater tunnel)
2. The Dutch constructed polders (land that is reclaimed from the sea or other body of water by diking and drainage) Ex: Deltawerken
POLDERS • Reclaiming the land • Mostly in the Netherlands • A wall is built around land • Pumps will pump out the water to make the land dry
3. The Italians in Venice built canals (man-made waterways). i1.trekearth.com/photos/7167/venice_canal_2.jpg
4. Rail System5. Deforestation • Uncontrolled logging • Acid rain caused by pollution http://universe-review.ca/I10-81-deforestation.jpg
Tunnel Benefits: 60,000 jobs during 6-year construction period Increase in cross-channel trade will lead to tourism & other business ties One-stop clearance for customs & immigration procedures Improvement in the road & rail networks of England, France, & Belgium
Acid rain is measured using a scale called "pH." The lower a substance's pH, the more acidic it is.
CAUSES OF AIR POLLUTION • Fossil Fuels: burning of petroleum, gas and coal causes the formation of smog which reacts wit sunlight to create harmful chemicals.