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Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy and Physiology. Anatomy and Physiology. Lessons Topic Overview Go 1 – 2 Anatomy and Physiology Go 3 – 5 Integumentary System Go 6 – 8 Skeletal System Go 9 – 11 Muscular System Go 12 – 14 Nervous System Go 15 – 20 Sensory System Go

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Anatomy and Physiology

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  1. Anatomy and Physiology

  2. Anatomy and Physiology LessonsTopic Overview Go 1 – 2 Anatomy and Physiology Go 3 – 5 Integumentary System Go 6 – 8 Skeletal System Go 9 – 11 Muscular System Go 12 – 14 Nervous System Go 15 – 20 Sensory System Go 21 – 23 Cardiovascular System Go 24 – 26 Lymphatic System Go 27 – 29 Respiratory System Go 30 – 32 Digestive System Go 33 – 35 Urinary System Go 36 – 38 Endocrine System Go 39 – 42 Reproductive System Go 43 – 44 Disease and Immunity Go TABLE OF CONTENTS

  3. Questions • What are some of the long-term complications of diabetes? • How does diabetes illustrate the interdependence of the body systems? • What advice would you give a diabetic?

  4. Key Question • How is the body organized? • How are the parts of the body interdependent?

  5. Lesson 1 – Anatomy and Physiology • Anatomy • Physiology • Body structures are organized into levels

  6. Lesson 1 – Cells • Cells • Functions of life

  7. Lesson 1 – Parts of Cells • Cell membrane • Cytoplasm • Nucleus

  8. Lesson 1 – Organelles • Organelles • In addition to the nucleus, important organelles include: • Mitochondria • Ribosomes • Endoplasmic reticulum • Centrioles • Golgi apparatus • Lysosomes

  9. Lesson 1 – Metabolism • Metabolism • Anabolism • Catabolism

  10. Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Mitosis • Mitosis • Supports the growth and maintenance of cells • Cells go through the process at different rates.

  11. Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Mitosis (Continued) • Steps in mitosis

  12. Lesson 1 – Cell Reproduction: Meiosis • Meiosis • 23 chromosomes • Zygote

  13. Lesson 1 – Tissue • Tissue • Four major groups of tissue: • Epithelial • Connective • Muscle • Nervous

  14. Lesson 1 – Organs and Systems • Organ • System

  15. Lesson 1 – Organs and Systems (Continued) • The major body systems include: • Integumentary system • Skeletal system • Muscular system • Nervous system • Sensory system • Cardiovascular system • Lymphatic system • Respiratory system • Digestive system • Urinary system • Endocrine system • Reproductive system

  16. Lesson 3 – Integumentary System • Integumentary system • It performs these functions: • Protects body • Maintains body temperature • Eliminates waste • Helps respond to touch sensations • Absorbs substances • Helps produce vitamin D

  17. Lesson 3 – Layers of Skin • Epidermis • Dermis • Hypodermis

  18. Lesson 3 – Pigmentation • Skin color is inherited • Melanin • Carotene

  19. Lesson 3 – Glands of the Skin • Sudoriferous glands • Sebaceous glands

  20. Lesson 3 – Hair and Nails • Hair helps protect the body • Root • Shaft • Nails protect the fingers and toes from injury

  21. Lesson 4 – Abnormal Pigmentation • Albinos • Abnormal colors of the skin can indicate disease: • Erythema • Jaundice • Cyanosis • Chronic poisoning

  22. Lesson 4 – Skin Eruptions • Macule • Papule • Vesicle • Pustule • Crust • Wheal • Ulcer

  23. Lesson 4 – Diseases and Disorders of the Integumentary System • Acne Vulgaris • Contact Dermatitis • Eczema • Psoriasis

  24. Lesson 6 – Skeletal System • Skeletal system • The skeletal system: • Provides shape and support to the body • Protects vital organs • Acts as a set of levers, and together with muscles helps a person move • Produces blood cells • Stores calcium

  25. Lesson 6 – Types of Bones • Long bones • Short bones • Flat bones • Irregular bones

  26. Lesson 6 – Parts of Long Bones • Diaphysis • Epiphysis • Articular cartilage • Periosteum • Medullary canal • Endosteum

  27. Lesson 6 – Bone Marrow • Red marrow • Yellow marrow

  28. Lesson 6 – Sections of the Skeletal System • Axial skeleton • Appendicular skeleton

  29. Lesson 6 – Axial Skeleton: Skull • The skull consists of the cranium and facial bones. • Cranium • 1 frontal • 2 parietal • 2 temporal • 1 occipital • 1 ethmoid • 1 sphenoid • Sutures.

  30. Lesson 6 – Axial Skeleton: Skull (Continued) • Facial bones • 5 nasal • 2 maxilla • 2 lacrimal • 2 zygomatic • 2 palatine • 1 mandible • Sinuses

  31. Lesson 6 – Axial Skeleton: Spinal Column • Vertebrae • Discs

  32. Lesson 6 – Axial Skeleton: Thorax • Thorax • Ribs • Sternum • Manubrium • Gladiolus • Xiphoid process

  33. Lesson 6 – Appendicular Skeleton: Shoulder Girdle • Shoulder girdle • 2 clavicles • 2 scapulas.

  34. Lesson 6 – Appendicular Skeleton: Arms and Hands • Arm bones: • Humerus • Ulna • Radius • Hand bones: • 8 carpals • 5 metacarpals • 14 phalanges

  35. Lesson 6 – Appendicular Skeleton: Pelvic Girdle • Pelvic girdle is made of 2 hip bones, which connect at the symphysis pubis. • Each hip bone is composed of 3 sections: • Illium • Ischium • Pubis

  36. Lesson 6 – Appendicular Skeleton: Legs and Feet • Leg bones: • Femur • Patella • Tibia • Fibula • Foot bones: • 7 tarsals • 5 metatarsals • 14 phalanges

  37. Lesson 6 – Joints • Joints • Ligaments • Joints are classified by movement: • Diarthrosis– movable • Amphiarthrosis– partially movable • Synarthrosis– not movable

  38. Lesson 7 – Diseases and Disorders of the Skeletal System • Arthritis • Sprain • Dislocation • Fracture

  39. Lesson 9 – Muscular System • The muscular system contains over 600 muscles. • The muscular system performs these functions: • Helps with body movement • Supports body posture • Produces heat and energy • Protects internal organs • Helps move blood, food, and waste products through the body • Opens and closes body openings

  40. Lesson 9 – Muscle Traits • All muscles have four common traits: • Excitability or Irritability • Contractibility • Extensibility • Elasticity • Muscle tone

  41. Lesson 9 – Types of Muscles • Cardiac • Visceral • Skeletal

  42. Lesson 9 – Types of Muscles (Continued) • Involuntary Muscles • Voluntary Muscles

  43. Lesson 9 – Attachment of Skeletal Muscles • Tendons • Origin • Insertion • Fascia

  44. Lesson 9 – Types of Body Movements • Flexion • Extension • Abduction • Adduction • Rotation

  45. Lesson 10 – Loss of Muscle Tone • Loss of muscle tone can result from serious illness. • Lack of muscle use can result in: • Atrophy • Contracture

  46. Lesson 10 – Diseases and Disorders of the Muscular System • Muscle Strain • Fibromaylgia • Muscular Dystrophy

  47. Lesson 12 – Nervous System • The nervous system is the communication network for the body. • The main function of the nervous system is to coordinate all of the body’s activities.

  48. Lesson 12 – Neurons • Neuron, or nerve cell. • Dendrites • Axons • Myelin sheath. • Synapse

  49. Lesson 12 – Types of Neurons • Afferent • Efferent • Associative

  50. Lesson 12 – Divisions of the Nervous System • Central nervous system • Peripheral nervous system • autonomic nervous system

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