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MGT 101 - Principles of Management and Business. Leadership. Faisal AlSager. Week 10. Objective. Define leader and leadership Compare different approaches to defining leadership View different types of leaders, based on behaviors and traits Discuss trust as the essence of leadership.
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MGT 101 - Principles of Management and Business Leadership • Faisal AlSager Week 10
Objective • Define leader and leadership • Compare different approaches to defining leadership • View different types of leaders, based on behaviors and traits • Discuss trust as the essence of leadership
Leadership and Leaders • Leadership: the process of leading a group and influencing that group to achieve its goals • Leader: someone who can influence others and who has managerial authority
Research Approaches of Defining Leadership Source: Bird, Allan, Martha L. Maznevski, Mark E. Mendenhall, Gary R. Oddou, and Joyce S. Osland. "Leadership and the Birth of Global Leadership." Global Leadership: Research, Practice, and Development. London [u.a.: Routledge, 2008. 2-6. Print.
Leadership Behaviors • According to the University of Iowa leadership behaviors (or styles) are: • Autocratic Style: a leader who centralize authority, dictates work methods, makes unilateral decisions, and limits employee participation • Democratic Style: a leader who involves employees in decision making, delegates authority, encourages participation in deciding work methods, and uses feedback to coach employees • Laissez-Faire Style: a leader who generally gives employees complete freedom to make decisions and to complete their work however they see fit
Different Leaders • According to University of Michigan: • Employee Oriented: a leader who emphasizes the people aspects • Production Oriented: a leader who emphasizes the technical or task aspects • Transactional Leaders: leaders who lead primarily by using social exchanges (or transactions) • Transformational Leaders: leaders who stimulate and inspire (transform) followers to achieve extraordinary outcomes
Different Leaders • Charismatic Leaders: enthusiastic, self-confident leaders whose personalities and actions influence people to behave in certain ways • Visionary Leadership: the ability to create articulate a realistic, credible, and attractive vision of the future that improves on the present situation
Global Leadership Competency Assessment Instruments • There are two main models (instruments) used to assess global leader competencies; they are: • Global Competencies Inventory (GCI): assesses three types of competencies: perception management, relationship management, and self management • Global Executive Leadership Inventory: assesses two roles played by the executive: charismatic and architectural Source: Bird, Allan, Martha L. Maznevski, Mark E. Mendenhall, Gary R. Oddou, and Joyce S. Osland. "Assessing Global Leadership Competencies." Global Leadership: Research, Practice, and Development. London [u.a.: Routledge, 2008. 74-80. Print.
GCI: Perception Management • This group includes the following dimensions: • Nonjudgmentalness • Inquisitiveness • Tolerance of Ambiguity • Cosmopolitan • Category of Inclusiveness
GCI: Relationship Management • This group includes the following dimensions: • Relationship Interest • Interpersonal Engagement • Emotional Sensitivity • Self-Awareness • Behavioral Flexibility
GCI: Self Management • This group includes the following dimensions: • Optimism • Self-Confidence • Emotional Resilience • Non-Stress Tendency • Stress Management • Interest Flexibility
Global Executive Leadership Inventory • Here, we examine the charismatic and architectural roles of the leader • This includes the following dimensions: Visioning, Empowering, Energizing, Designing and Aligning, Rewarding and Feedback, Team Building, Outside Orientation, Global Mindset, Tenacity, Emotional Intelligence, Life Balance, and Resilience to Stress
Trust • Trust: the belief on the integrity, character, and ability of a leader • Dimensions of trust: • Integrity: honesty and truthfulness • Competence: technical and interpersonal knowledge and skills • Consistency: reliability, predictability, and good judgement in handling situations • Loyalty: willingness to protect a person, physically and emotionally • Openness: willingness to share ideas and information freely
Learning Outcomes • There are different approaches of defining leadership: trait, behavior, situational, and power-influence • Thus, we describe leaders differently, in terms of charisma, transformation, autocracy... etc. • Domestic and multi-domestic leaders are not global leaders; global leaders are assessed differently • Trust is the essence of leadership