Promoting Eco-efficiency of Water Infrastructure Investment

1. Promoting Eco-efficiency of Water Infrastructure Investment Ti Le-Huu Sustainable Development and Water Resources Section Environment and Sustainable Development Division UNESCAP

2. Points of discussion • Key water resources management issues • Current status of water infrastructure development • Key challenges in infrastructure development • Towards developing options to improve eco-efficiency of water infrastructure • Recommendations

3. Water availability Source: I. Shiklomanov, Assessment of Water Resources in Asia and the Pacific in the 21th Century, UNESCAP, 2004

4. Renewable water resources by continents Source: I. Shiklomanov, Assessment of Water Resources in Asia and the Pacific in the 21th Century, UNESCAP, 2004

5. Water withdrawal trends

6. Water consumption trends

7. Decline in water availability

8. Water storage - infrastructure Source: Adapted from World Water Storage in Man-made Reservoirs, FR/R0012, April 2005

9. Water Resources Infrastructure: Large Dams and Reservoirs

10. Infrastructure for Water-related ServicesWater Supply and Sanitation in UNESCAP Region as of 2002 Source: WHO and UNICEF Global Water Supply and Sanitation Assessment

11. Source: Seetharam, ADB, 2005

12. Change in irrigated areas Source: I. Shiklomanov, Assessment of Water Resources in Asia and the Pacific in the 21th Century, UNESCAP, 2004

13. Dynamics of population and irrigated areas Source: I. Shiklomanov, Assessment of Water Resources in Asia and the Pacific in the 21th Century, UNESCAP, 2004

14. Trend of irrigation in China & Japan Specific irrigated area (ha/ 1,000 people) Irrigated area (1,000 ha) China Japan Irrigated area Specific irrigated area Source: I. Shiklomanov, Assessment of Water Resources in Asia and the Pacific in the 21th Century, UNESCAP, 2004

15. Global water withdrawal scenarios Source: I. Shiklomanov, Assessment of Water Resources in Asia and the Pacific in the 21th Century, UNESCAP, 2004

16. Annual Investment Costs (US$ billion)

17. Development Assistance in Water Sector Official development assistance and official assistance for water sector have rapidly decreased in recent years, while more attention is given to environmental improvement. Stronger linkage between infrastructure investment and environment offers better perspectives for development

18. International Private Investment in Infrastructure (1990-2002),by sector and region, US$ billion (estimation by the World Bank)

19. Toward developing options on eco-efficiency improvement • Options need to lead to effective integration of eco-efficiency in infrastructure development process • Options need to be developed for priority areas • Options need to be built on practical experiences and good practices • Options need to reflect reality of the region

20. Criteria for priority areas Improving eco-efficiency of infrastructure needs to address: • To sustain economic growth rate (investment resources, priority sectors, priority localities) • To meet social requirement (equity, conflict resolution) • To arrest rapid environmental degradation (water quality, wetland, watershed) • To mobilize effective participation of stakeholders (institutional infrastructure, opportunities)

21. Examples of eco-efficiency integration

22. SWOT Analysis – Prokasih (Water pollution control in Indonesia)

23. Guideline development: Example of Malaysia Rehabilitate river water quality Supply based on demand management Gazettement of forest Domestic, Industrial and Agricultural Water Supply Group Land Use Group Fully utilise existing urban area to avoid expansion Reduce non-revenue Water to 20% Expediting gazettement of river reserve Decentralisation of power ISO 14000 compliance Set up basin road map Create awareness through public participation Main issues Set up comprehensive flood forecasting and warning system Support and Capacity Building Group Expected outcomes Formulate river law DID as IRBM secretariat Biodiversity and Water Quality Group Floods Group Integrated flood and land use management Coordinated collaboration and performance Set up Steering Committee by EPU Established IRBM committee Fully utilise best management practice BMP’s Set up Langat River Basin Information System

24. Options to meeting realities • Option 1: Build commitment (development of guidelines on effective integration of eco-efficiency) • Option 2: Sustain economic growth rate • Investment resource: demand management, enhanced productivity • Priority sectors & localities: efficient allocation, conflict prevention • Option 3: Ensure social equity (meeting MDGs) • Option 4: Stop rapid environmental degradation • Water quality: economic and legal instruments • Wetland: effective framework development • Watershed: people’s participation • Option 5: Develop effective institutional infrastructure

25. Recommendations • Development of priority guidelines • Guidelines on integration of eco-efficiency improvement into various stages of infrastructure development • Guidelines on improvement of eco-efficiency for infrastructure required to meet MDGs • Guidelines on improvement of eco-efficiency for infrastructure required to sustain economic growth • Compilation of best practices • Planning, implementation and management • Legal and institutional framework development • Capacity building (training and networking)

26. A Vision for Water in Asia Source: To be identified soon